The Czech Republic is a state that has everything for a normal, quiet life, including for migrants. Among the advantages, it is worth noting social stability, a well-developed infrastructure, a relatively low level of crime and corruption, as well as the fact that thanks to membership in the European Union, Czech citizens, as well as holders of residence and permanent residence status, have the opportunity to visit Schengen countries without a visa. Unsurprisingly, these conditions attract the attention of immigrants from all over the former Soviet Union, including Russia.

Foreigners in the Czech Republic: average standard of living, reviews

According to the 2011 census, the number of officially registered foreigners is nearly 450,000. This is three and a half times more than in 2001, when the total number of newcomers did not even reach 125,000. In the first half of the tenths, the rate of immigration fell sharply. This was due to the tightening of legislation, but serious changes for the better are expected soon. For example, if earlier in order to obtain citizenship it was necessary to renounce this status in the native country, today this is not necessary. Today, about 36,000 Russians live in the Czech Republic (+ 368.5% compared to 2001). The most numerous diasporas are Ukrainians (≈118,000), Slovaks (≈84,500) and Vietnamese (≈53,000).

The average salary in the Czech Republic hovers around $ 1,000 per month... The most profitable professions are those related to the financial, telecommunications and IT sectors. There this figure is close to the level of 2 thousand USD. The highest salaries are traditionally among the residents of the capital, who receive an average of 1335 USD, the lowest - among the inhabitants of the Karlovy Vary Region (≈945 USD). The official living wage for foreigners is 3410 kroons (≈135 USD), but this amount may vary depending on marital status. Everyone who lives in the Czech Republic is required to have legal (permanent residence, employed persons) or contractual health insurance. The level of hospital care here is quite high, especially when compared to Russia, Ukraine and other former Soviet republics, but lower than in most Western European countries. For rental housing, you need to pay from 150-200 USD per month. The average cost of a grocery basket is estimated at about 200-250 USD, which is one of the lowest in the EU. Clothing prices correspond to European ones. A single monthly pass costs 530 kroons (≈21 USD), a liter of gasoline is a little more than one dollar.

Andrey, 38 years old, freelancer, Prague:

In terms of earnings, Czech society is fairly homogeneous - there is no huge gap between the poor and the rich. Most of the residents can be classified as middle class. Many people in the Czech Republic can afford the conveniences that are available only to wealthy citizens in Russia. I would also like to note the rather low level of aggression and rudeness. This is especially felt during the first two to three months after the move. And also there is a very beautiful nature.

Work

Getting a job with a good salary in the Czech Republic is not easy. The market primarily requires highly qualified specialists (doctors, programmers, engineers) who are fluent in the local language. If you have the appropriate education and good knowledge of English / German, you can apply for some kind of administrative position. Intelligent auto mechanics, turners, locksmiths and electricians are also in demand here. Russians who do not yet have permanent residence status will also need permission from the Employment Service for employment. An exception is made only for clerical managers. To get the right to work, you will need to submit the following documents:

• copy of the passport;
• a document on education translated into Czech;
• applications from the applicant and employer;
• an extract for the company from the Trade Register;
• the photo;
• a stamp with a value of 500 kroons confirming the payment of the state fee.

The level of salaries is largely determined by the place of work. If in Prague specialists can earn from 1,500 USD, then in a small town somewhere in the north, similar activities are estimated two or three times more modest. Of the money earned, deductions must be made for medical (4.5% of the total) and social insurance (6.5%). Other income, including payments on bank deposits, is taxed at 15%.

Those wishing to work, study or do business in the Czech Republic often need to undergo nostrification, that is, to receive confirmation of their diploma (exceptions are possible only for graduates of Moscow State University). This procedure is quite simple. The translated and officially certified document is sent to the educational institution, the program of which includes this specialty. After a certain time (usually the waiting period is several months), a certificate comes with confirmation of the diploma or refusal. In the case of secondary education, the request is sent to the local mayor's office.

Olga, 28 years old, travel agency employee, Pardubice:

It is quite difficult for a foreigner to find a job today, especially in the periphery. Preference is given to local residents, which is quite natural. For applicants who do not have permanent residence status, the chances of getting a decent job are close to zero, unless we are talking about highly qualified specialists for demanded professions.

Pensions for Russians

Citizens of the Russian Federation who have the status of permanent residence in the Czech Republic, upon reaching a certain age (57 and 60 years for women and men, respectively), are entitled to a pension. To do this, they need to submit to the local social security authorities:

• a copy of the work book;
• certificate of deregistration in the Russian Federation;
• a certificate from the Russian social security services, which indicates the amount of accruals and the date of the last payment of the pension;
• a copy of the diploma / certificate confirming the completion of the educational institution, as well as any other documents that will be requested. Everything must be translated into Czech and certified by an official service.

When calculating a pension in the Czech Republic, the length of service in the country of residence is taken into account and the pension increases accordingly (the number of years is also summed up)

https://www.lifecz.ru/threads/7265/

The waiting period can take up to six months, since the check is carried out not only in Prague, but also in Moscow. If the pension is approved, it will be paid from the moment it is deregistered in Russia. Its size depends on many factors: length of service, the amount of earnings, the availability of academic degrees, etc. The national average is around 450USD, so many retirees are forced to look for additional sources of income. If a person has worked in the Russian Federation all the time, the pension is calculated based on local salaries for similar professions. If, in the presence of Russian experience, a resident of permanent residence is not employed in the Czech Republic, he must still make monthly contributions to the social security fund until he reaches the required age.

How do they relate to Russian emigrants

The attitude of Czechs towards Russians can hardly be called positive, but there is also no particular negative. The events of 1968, memorable for the older generation, no longer evoke strong emotions among the majority of young people. If a visitor behaves adequately, respects the local language and traditions, then he should not have any special problems with neighbors and colleagues. Among them, of course, there may be different people, but in general, adaptation is proceeding normally. The attitude towards “persons of Arab and Gypsy nationality” is much worse. As for the conflict between Ukraine and Russia, the indigenous people, as a rule, are not very interested in it. Unfortunately, Ukrainians and Russians themselves quarrel more with each other, and many of them, until recently, communicated quite closely and warmly. If before the beginning of the Crimean events the Czechs generally perceived visitors from these countries as one people, now this is no longer the case. In general, it is better to try not to raise the topic of politics once again - except for negative emotions, such a conversation usually does not lead to anything.

Feedback from Nikolay, 46 years old, manager, Ostrava:

It is difficult to say that after the Ukrainian events, the attitude of the Czechs towards the Russians changed dramatically. There was no great love for us before, as well as some kind of exceptional hatred. There will always be people ready to sprinkle poisonous saliva, but there are many more normal ones. By the way, even attempts to speak Czech, which many of our former compatriots almost defiantly neglect, really help to get closer to the locals.

Speaking about communication between former compatriots, it is necessary to note the disunity of the Russian diaspora.

Community

There are a number of metropolitan and regional organizations, each of which positions itself as an official representative of the community. The most famous and powerful is, perhaps, "Russian Tradition". Its activity consists in holding various social events (cultural, sports, scientific), publishing newspapers and books, providing all-round assistance in contacts with representatives of local authorities. The main financial support for this structure is provided in the form of grants by the Prague City Hall, the Ministry of Education and Culture, as well as various foundations. However, it should be noted that the Russian-speaking residents of the Czech Republic, for the most part, are not too keen on "organized" communication, preferring to spend time with close friends.

Undoubtedly the most "Russian" city in the Czech Republic is the resort town of Karlovy Vary. Here, a third of the population speaks Russian. But the fact that you very often meet among vacationers and residents who speak your native language is not the main plus. In Karlovy Vary, you can often see signs in Russian, as well as many restaurants, shops, bars, sanatoriums, where you will not only be understood, but also served in your native language. In general, there are many "Russian-speaking" and Russian in the Czech Republic. In almost all large cities, walking along the central (and not only) streets, you will meet Russians.

Samaria

http://czech-forum.biz/forum/echo/8782

Pros and cons of living in the Czech Republic in comparison with Russia

pros	Minuses
Decent standard of living.	Difficulties with obtaining even a work visa and a residence permit, not to mention permanent residence.
Well-developed social infrastructure.	Many services are much more expensive than in Russia.
Low crime and corruption rates.	Lack of decent pay jobs.
Free education, decent medical care.	High utility bills, not the biggest pensions.
The ability to freely visit the countries of Western Europe.	The laws on the stay of foreigners are constantly being tightened.
High-quality roads, public transport runs strictly on schedule.	Sufficiently expensive gasoline.
Low interest rates on mortgages and loans.	Interest rates on deposits are also low.
The usual temperate climate (mild winters), beautiful nature.	The inability to relax by the sea due to its absence.

Czech Republic in questions and answers - video

The Czech Republic is far from an ideal country in terms of living comfort, especially when compared with Western Europe. This is not surprising, given that in recent history this state became truly independent only a quarter of a century ago, after the Soviet empire finally collapsed. It is much more logical to compare the standard of living of Czechs and Russians. Unfortunately, the advantage here is clearly not on the side of the Russian Federation. According to the Social Progress Index, the Czech Republic is ranked 22nd in the world for the convenience of living. Russia has only 71 positions in this list. The difference is most pronounced when comparing small provincial towns and villages.

Czech Republic (Czech Republic)

Introduction

Czech Republic, geographic abbreviation (abbreviation CR), Czech spelling Česká republika(abbreviation ČR or Česko), English international spelling Czech Republic(abbreviation CZ), is a state located on the territory of the "Czech Lands" or in Central Europe. On January 1, 1969, the Czech Socialist Republic was officially formed in the federalization of Czechoslovakia, and on March 6, 1990, the current name was given - the Czech Republic. On January 1, 1993, in connection with the collapse of Czechoslovakia, the Czech Republic became a full-fledged subject of international law and from the same date the first constitution of the Czech Republic came into force. The Czech Republic is a parliamentary republic, a democratic rule of law with a liberal state regime and a political system based on free competition between political parties and movements. The head of state is the president. The only supreme legislative body is the bicameral parliament of the Czech Republic. The state supports the basic principles of liberalism, capitalism, market economy and free market. The Czech Republic is on the list of developed countries. According to economic, social and political indicators such as GDP per capita, human development index, press freedom index, freedom from internet censorship index, the Czech Republic was given a very high rating among the world countries. Economically, by the World Bank, the Czech Republic has been included in the group of the 31 richest countries in the world with the highest financial income, the Czech Republic has one of the best indicators in comparison with other countries in the proportion of the population living below the poverty line. The Czech Republic has relatively low rates of inequality between rich and poor, as well as relatively balanced rates of distribution of wealth among the majority of the population. The unemployment rate is low compared to that of other developed countries. The environmental damage index is well below the European average.

Independence date (from Czechoslovakia)	January 1, 1993
Motto	Pravda vítězí (Truth triumphs)
Hymn	"Kde domov můj" (Where is my home)
Capital	Prague
Other major cities	Plzen, Brno, Ceske Budijovice, Ostrava, Olomouc, Pardubice, Hradec Hradec Králov, Liberec, Usti nad Labe
Square	78,867 sq. Km (2% of the water surface) - 115th place in the world
Highest point	Mount Snezka (1602 m)
Timezone	+2 hours from Moscow
Population	10,505,445 people (as of January 1, 2012)
Population density	133 people / sq.km (82 people / sq.km - the world indicator)
Human Development Index	▲ 0.873 (very high) (28th place in 2013)
Official language	Czech
Other languages	Slovenian, Polish, Russian, German, Ukrainian, English
Religion	No faith 34.2%, Roman Catholic 56%, Orthodox 3.6%, other 6.2%
State system	Parliamentary republic
The president	Milos Zeman
Currency	Czech Koruna (CZK)
GDP per capita:	$ 26,125 (18th place in the world)
Telephone code	+420
ISO Code	CZ
Internet domain	.cz

The Czech Republic is a member of the United Nations, NATO, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, World Trade Organization, International Monetary Fund, World Bank, Council of Europe, Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, European Customs Union, European Union, Schengen Area, European Economic zone, member of the Visegrad Group and other international structures.

Today the Czech Republic consists of lands (parts) of the historical Czech Republic, which were a significant part of history under the rule of the Czech Crown: Bohemia, Moravia (in 1920, the lands of Czech Austria were also annexed), as well as part of Silesia. Currently the area Czech Republic is 78,867 km 2. At the moment, the country is an intra-European landlocked state, in the west it borders with Germany (border length 810 km), in the north with Poland (762 km), in the east with Slovakia (252 km) and in the south with Austria (466 km). km). Administratively, the Czech Republic is divided into 14 administrative districts (region). The capital is the city of Prague, which is also one of the 14 arrondissements. In 2012, approximately 10.5 million people were registered in the Czech Republic. The overwhelming majority of people living in the Czech Republic identify themselves as Czech or Moravian.

Content
1.
2.
3.
	3.1.
	3.2.
	3.3.
	3.4.
	3.5.
	3.6.
	3.7.
4.
	4.1.
	4.2.
	4.3.
	4.4.
5.
	5.1.
	5.2.
	5.3.
6. Largest cities in the Czech Republic by population
7. Political system in the Czech Republic
	7.1. Parliamentary political parties of the Czech Republic
	7.2. Czech government
8. Administrative division of the Czech Republic
	8.1. Territorial areas
	8.2. Districts
	8.3. Municipalities and counties
	8.4. NUTS
	8.5. Army
9. Economy
	9.1. Economic development
	9.2. Mining and agriculture
	9.3. Industry
	9.4. Services
		9.4.1. Telecommunication
		9.4.2. Tourism
10. Transport
	10.1. Air Transport
	10.2. Trucking
	10.3 . Railway transport
	10.4. Water transport
	10.5. Energy transportation
11. Culture
	11.1. Literature
	11.2. Theatre
	11.3. Cinema
	11.4. Music
	11.5. Fine Arts
12. Other characteristics of the Czech Republic
	12.1. The science
	12.2. Education
	12.3. Sport
	12.4. Kitchen
	12.5. Holidays and Holidays

1. The history of the formation of states on the land of the Czech Republic.

The first documented state structure on the territory of the present Czech Republic was formed in the second half of the 9th century - Great Moravia. When Great Moravia (about 907) disappeared under the onslaught of nomadic Hungarian tribes, the state focus of development shifted to Bohemia (Bohemia). Local rulers from the Přemyslids clan built the medieval "Přemysl" state, also called the Czech state, and from the turn of the 10th and 11th centuries, which were part of the Holy Roman Empire. From 1526, the Czech lands were gradually incorporated into the Habsburg empire, whose rulers used the victory on White Mountain (1620) to the final elimination of the last remnants of their former independence. From 1749 until the end of the First World War, namely until 1918, the Czech Kingdom, the Moravian Margrave, the Upper Duchy and Lower Silesia remained the crowned lands of Habsburg, which, however, were not interconnected. From 1804, these lands were part of Austria, and then, from 1867, the Austro-Hungarian Empire. In 1918, after military-political actions on the basis of cultural and linguistic affinity, the state of Czechoslovakia was created, which included the Czech and Slovak lands. Immediately after its emergence, Czechoslovakia restricts the freedom of its lands, which, with the exception of Slovakia, had their own laws, statutes, parliaments, and becomes a strictly centralized state. The Czech lands were part of it until 1992, that is, before the collapse of Czechoslovakia. The Czech Republic was officially created on 1 January 1969 within the framework of the federalization of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic under the name Czech Socialist Republic. The revolutionary political changes after November 1989 meant not only a change in the name of the federation (Czech and Slovak Federal Republic), but also of the Czech Republic (March 1990 Czech Republic, after the adoption of the Constitution, the word "socialist" was removed). The disintegration of Czechoslovakia took place without a referendum, on the first January 1993 the agreement on the formation of the Federation was terminated. The states of the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic became the legal successors of Czechoslovakia. At the same time, he entered into the first in history, his own, the Constitution of the Czech Republic.

2. Titles and state symbols of the Czech Republic

It is customary to talk about the territory in which the Czech Republic is now located as "Czech lands", which is an auxiliary historical and geographical term, which is used as a general term for the corresponding geographical Czech Republic (that is, three historically Czech lands - Bohemia (Bohemia), Moravia and the Czech part of Silesia). The term is based on the traditional, historical, geographical division of political formations in the territory of the modern Czech Republic, which lasted from the Middle Ages until 1928 (when Moravia and Czech Silesia were united into one region of Moravskoslezské), after 1948, when the Moravosлlez region was abolished, “Land Czech ”already designated the Czech part of the state of Czechoslovakia. The concept of "Czech Lands" was now expanded to include part of Czech Austria, which until 1919 were part of "Lower Austria".

The official name of the country according to the constitution is the Czech Republic, the one-word name "Czech Republic" is not used in the Czech constitution at all, part of the society of the Czech Republic refuses to use the word "Czech Republic" as a designation of the state. The first use of the expression "Czech Republic" dates back to 1777 as a synonym for the word "Bohemia", as the official designation of the Czechoslovak Federation, the word appeared in Czech in 1978. During the national revival, the form "Czech" derived from the word "Czech Republic" was also used (and the use of the word "Czech" was considered incorrect), in general, the word "Czech Republic" is a translation from the Latin word "Bohemia". Due to traditions, the words "Czech Republic" are still used in circulation, as well as the adjective "Czech".

State symbols of the Czech Republic - large and small coat of arms, state flag (the Czech Republic after the collapse of the Czechoslovak Federation took over the original flag of Czechoslovakia, since Slovakia was not interested in the further use of this attribute), the president's standard, the state seal, the state colors of the republic and the national anthem "Where is my home?" State symbols indicate the traditions of the medieval Czech state (symbol), the Hussite movement (slogan on the president's standard), national revival (anthem) and democratic Czechoslovakia (flag).

The name "Czechia" comes from a simplification of the word "Czech" derived from the adjective "Czech" (although historically the original spelling is read as "Czechs", which means "Bohemia" in Latin). The documented record "Czechia" was subsidized in the 18th century, since the 19th century it is also referred to as the name of the "Czech Lands". In this status, the word "Czech Republic" has been used since 1938 by the Moravian linguist Frantisek Travnichek. In the dictionary of the literary Czech language of 1960, the word "Czech Republic" is used both as a designation for the state and as a designation for the region "Bohemia", at the same time it is called outdated. The 1978 dictionary uses the word "Czechia" only as a region of "Bohemia". In the spring of 1993, the Czech Directorate for Geodesy, Cartography and Cadastre, on behalf of the government, appointed the word "Czech Republic" as an abbreviation for "Czech Republic". After bitter controversy in support of the Czech Geographical Society and despite the opposition of President Havel and others, the term was significantly expanded, but not given official status.

3. HISTORY

3.1. Pervonamoaningsettlements

Presumably the territory of what is now the Czech Republic was inhabited by humans about 750,000 years ago. On the settlement by people of the territory of the Czech Republic since 28000 BC. confirms a number of archaeological finds. From the third century BC inhabited this area by the Celts (Boyi), and in the first century A.D. came the tribes of the Germans (Marcomanians and Quads).

From the end of the fifth century, the first Slavs appeared on the territory of what is now Bohemia. In the 7th century, the Slavic tribes formed the state "Samo" (c. 623-659), although the state of Samo looked more like a large alliance of tribes. Between 830 - 833, on the lands of Moravia, Slovakia, Hungary in the north and west of Transcarpathia, the Empire of Great Moravia was created, which gradually subjugated the Czech Republic (890 - 894), Silesia, Lusatia, Lesser Poland and the rest of Hungary. Great Moravia was the first state formation on the territory of the modern Czech Republic. In 894 the Czech Republic got out of the control of Great Moravia, and in 906 or 907 it was subjected to a devastating attack by the Hungarians.

3.2. Middle Ages and Modern Times

The origins of the Czech state date back to the second half of the 9th century, when the first documented Czech prince from the Přemyslid dynasty, Borzhyva I, was baptized. During the 10th and 11th centuries, the state consolidated in connection with which the territories of Moravia are annexed. The Czech principality gradually began to show signs of a more or less independent state within the medieval Holy Roman Empire (the bishopric of Prague was founded in 973, Saint Wenceslas became the national saint).

The Czech kingdom appeared only in 1198, when the German king recognized the heredity of the Czech royal title, which was then recognized by the emperor, the pope, and in 1212 the Golden Sicilian bull was signed, which secured the king of Bohemia Přemysl Ottokar I his royal title and established his heredity. and also bestowed other privileges of the Bohemian kingdom. Henceforth, the Czech ruler was to be released from all obligations in relation to the Holy Roman Empire up to participation in imperial assemblies. Přemysl Otakar II significantly expanded his possession, which now extended beyond the Alps all the way to the Adriatic Sea. Wenceslas II turned his attention to the north and east, where he managed to get the lands of Poland with access to the Baltic Sea, and his son Wenceslas III annexed the Hungarian territories. The Czech kingdom reached its maximum grandeur during the reign of the latter of the Přemylovich family and Charles IV. (1316-1378), who in 1348 secured the borders of the Lands of the Czech Crown and annexed Brandenburg (in 1415), Lusatia (in 1635) and Silesia (in 1742).

After the burning of Master Jan Huss in 1415 in Constance, Germany, the rivalry between Catholics and Hussites turned into open hostility and events led to the Hussite wars. The Hussites founded the city of Tabor, which became the center of the Hussite revolution. Jan ižka of Trocnov and Prokop Golý were able to repel all four Crusades to the Czech Republic. The war ended after the signing of an agreement between Basel Cathedral and the Hussites in 1436.

In 1526, the Habsburg dynasty came to the Czech throne, which included the country in the Habsburg monarchy. In 1547 and 1618, there were armed uprisings for the sovereignty of the Czech Protestant state. The defenestration (throwing out of the window) of the imperial governors in 1618 caused the Thirty Years War. The troops of the Czech state in 1620 at the Battle of White Mountain were defeated, and the remnants of the captured army were publicly executed in Prague. The violent recatolization (re-conversion to the Catholic faith) of Czech Protestants began. Most of the Czech nobility and intellectuals became loyal supporters of the Habsburgs. Until the mid-17th century, the population declined in Bohemia (Bohemia) and Moravia from 2.6 million to 1.5 million. In 1627, a new collection of laws was adopted in the Czech Republic, according to which the Habsburg family received a royal hereditary title, Catholic was also declared the only allowed religion and German received the status of a second state language on a par with Czech.

The proclamation of the lands of the Czech crown was canceled in 1749 by Maria Theresa, however, Czech kings continued to be crowned within the Czech kingdom. In 1781, the reforms of Joseph II led to the abolition of serfdom, and also gave rise to religious tolerance in society. From the 17th century to the beginning of the 19th century, processes took place that led to the centralization of the monarchy. This centralization helped the German language become dominant in state and church administration. In response to the Germanization of culture and language, the end of the 18th century marked the beginning of the “Czech National Revival” era, attempts were made to restore Czech culture and language, and then to gain a political power representing the interests of the Czech ethnic group. In the second half of the 19th century, an important economic and cultural boom took place in the Czech Republic. Most (about 70%) of the industry of Austria-Hungary was concentrated in the Czech Republic.

3.3. Pre-war Czechoslovakia

In the First World War, 1,500,000 people fought, recruited from the Bohemian regions, of which 138,000 were killed defending the monarchy and about five and a half thousand people who fought in the foreign legions. More than 90,000 volunteers formed the Czechoslovak Legion in France, Italy and Russia, where they fought against the Central Powers and then against the Bolsheviks. After the defeat of Austria-Hungary on October 28, 1918, the Czech lands, part of the Kingdom of Hungary, Carpathian Rus united, creating a new state of Czechoslovakia. Despite the fact that the state was formed primarily on a national basis, nevertheless, the state also included Germans, Hungarians, Poles, as well as Romanians (as part of national minorities). After Czechoslovakia gained independence, there were border conflicts on the border with Poland and Hungary, as well as riots in the German regions of the country (Sudeten Germans). Tomas Garrick Masaryk was elected the first president of Czechoslovakia. During the period from the creation of the state until the dissolution of the "First Republic", Czechoslovakia was a unitary state and remained the only democratic state in Central Europe.

The German population in the border regions, as a result of the Great Depression, mass unemployment and intense, radical Nazi propaganda, began to demand separation from Czechoslovakia. The greatest efforts in this area were made by the Sudetenland-German Party, headed by Konrad Henleine. Under pressure from Nazi Germany and European powers, in September 1938, Czechoslovakia, under the Munich Agreement, was forced to cede the Sudetenland to Germany. The southern regions of Slovakia and Carpathian Rus' Czechoslovakia ceded to Hungary, a small part of the Czechoslovak territory (in particular, the region of Cieszyn Silesia) went to Poland, so the "second republic" of Czechoslovakia appeared.

3.4. Protectorate of Bohemia (Czech Republic) and Morava

On March 14, 1939, Slovakia declared its independence, and after the occupation by German troops on March 15, 1939, the rest of the Czechoslovak territory (that is, the Czech Republic without the Sudetenland, annexed in 1938 by Germany, and in the eastern part of the Cieszyn Silesia region, which in 1938, it was also annexed by Poland) was declared a protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (a very small part of Czech Silesia remained on the territory of the protectorate around the city of Ostrava and Fridka, the rest of the lands, including the eastern part of the Czechoslovakian Tiszyn Silyseia, were annexed to Germany). The German occupation of Czechoslovakia was met with massive resistance from the country's population (Czech sources) and groups supported from abroad, to which the Nazis responded with terror. During the war, the Nazis implemented a policy of forced labor of the Czech labor force in Germany, as well as the extermination of the Jewish diaspora in the protectorate. Despite this, it should be noted that the Czech Republic made a very impressive contribution to the successes of Germany in the first years of the war. The lion's share of Germany's armament, incl. and tanks, produced at factories located in the Czech Republic and where the Czechs worked, and cases of sabotage at the factories were rare and did not make any significant contribution to the disruption of production. Also, a large number of citizens of the former Czechoslovakia served voluntarily in the SS troops. For example, Knispel Kurt, one of the greatest tank aces in Germany, who destroyed 168 enemy tanks, was from Czechoslovakia. It is worth noting that the partisan movements in the Czech Republic, which appeared almost immediately after the occupation, did not make any significant contribution to the liberation of Czechoslovakia. Unfortunately, it is not possible to reliably determine the mood of the Czech population on the day of the occupation, but based on the measures taken or not taken to stop the occupation, we can confidently say that the Czechs were not against the inclusion of their country in Germany and considered this as a logical continuation of Germanization country. The only exception can be considered the heroic act of Captain Karel Pavlik, who on March 14, 1939 with his company put up armed resistance to the occupying German troops. He was the only officer who violated the order and resisted.

3.5. Post-war Czechoslovakia

In May 1945, Czechoslovakia was completely liberated by the Allies, marking the official restoration of the democratic state of Czechoslovakia. However, during this period, strange political phenomena occurred in the Czech Republic, such as the expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia to Germany and Austria or restrictions on party competition, extensive nationalization of key enterprises in the heavy industry, energy, film industry, banking, insurance companies, large construction companies, and etc .. In February 1948, the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia came to power in Czechoslovakia, the country became a totalitarian state and part of the Soviet bloc (Eastern bloc). Structures of civil society were suppressed, ranging from self-government of regions (1949) to the suppression of freedom of speech, press and abolished market relations in the economic life of the country. State nationalization and monetary reform (1953) led to the fact that millions of citizens lost their property. In 1960, the new constitution changed the official name of the country to “Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (Czechoslovakia)”. The late 1950s and 1960s saw gradual liberalization, which peaked in 1968. The period during which the movements aimed at liberalizing Czechoslovakia took place are known as the Prague Spring. The Prague Oars was suppressed by the invasion of the Soviet Union and other Warsaw Pact countries on August 21, 1968. After the invasion, the Czech intelligentsia began to flow out, many educated people emigrated in the democratic countries of Europe and the United States, which further accelerated the economic recession in the country, which experienced a violent process of joining the Soviet bloc. At that time, Czechoslovakia was occupied by the Soviet Army, which finally left the country only in 1991, i.e. the process of "normalization", which lasted more than 20 years, completely suppressed the feeling of freedom among the citizens of the Czech Republic.

Post-war Czechoslovakia was not a fully unitary state, but had an asymmetric structure. On the territory of Slovakia, the legislative body was the "Slovak National Council", until 1960 the executive body was the "Assembly of Representatives", while on the territory of the Czech Republic there were no such bodies. While the mutual borders of the Czech Republic, Moravia and Silesia in the post-war period underwent regional division, the border between the Czech Republic and Slovakia was prohibited at the legislative level from changing, i.e. the borders of Slovakia remained untouched and remained a single entity until the very end. Some adopted Czechoslovak laws and regulations were limited territorial coverage of the Czech region. An example is the state environmental law. The Slovak National Council adopted Law No. 1/1955 “Protection of State Natural Resources”, which is valid only for the Slovak region.

3.6. The Socialist Republic of the Czech Republic and the Czech Republic within the federation.

The longest state-legal consequence of the Prague Spring was the federalization of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, established on January 1, 1969, when the unitary state became a federation of two sovereign states - the Czech and Slovenian socialist republics.

The Velvet Revolution, launched on November 17, 1989, overthrew the communist regime and provided an opportunity to carry out democratic reforms and restore free enterprise, but it also contributed to a sharp increase in crime rates, massive public debt and triggered the collapse of the Federation. In 1990, the word "socialist" was removed from the name of each federal state, and the Czech Republic received its own symbols of the state. Disagreements soon began to emerge between the two groups of subjects of the Federation, the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic, and a split began to emerge in relation to the two republics, which ultimately led to the rapid disintegration of a single state. Czechoslovakia peacefully ceased to exist on December 31, 1992, and the new republics shared the assets and liabilities of the former Czechoslovakia. Since this period, the Czech Republic and Slovakia have existed as two independent states.

3.7. Independent Czech Republic

The subject of international law, the Czech Republic became the first in January 1993, after the collapse of the federation. Czech Republic joined Western European political structures. On March 12, 1999, the Czech Republic was admitted to NATO and on May 1, 2004, joined the European Union. In 2004, it joined the Schengen Agreement, and on this basis, on December 21, 2007, it became part of the Schengen area.

The existence of the Czech Republic as a subject of international law is recognized by the overwhelming majority of countries in the world. From its inception until July 13th, 2009, the Czech Republic was recognized as an independent state only by Liechtenstein. Liechtenstein seeks, as a precondition for the recognition and establishment of diplomatic contractual relations with the Czech Republic, to resolve property issues (property disputes have existed between Liechtenstein and Czechoslovakia since the founding of Czechoslovakia, disputes related to the expropriation of Liechtenstein's property in accordance with the Benes decree). Liechtenstein made significant efforts to prevent the admission of the Czech Republic to international organizations, but this activity was not successful.

4. Geography

The Czech Republic is located in Central Europe and shares borders with four countries: to the west with Germany, in the north with Poland, with Slovakia in the southeast and the southern border is shared with Austria. The length of the western border with Germany is 810.7 km, with Austria 466.1 km, with Slovakia 251.8 km and with Poland in the north 761.8 km. The total area of ​​the Czech Republic is 78,867 km ², of which 2% is water surface. The Czech Republic has mountains and hilly terrain along its perimeter, the highest mountains are in the north, the Giant Mountains. The highest point of the Czech Republic is Mount Snezka (1602 meters above sea level). The Elbe (Laba) and Vltava rivers flow in the western part of the Czech Republic, while the Oder river takes its source in the eastern part. Thanks to the rivers, the Czech Republic has access to the North, Baltic and Black Seas. The climate in the Czech Republic is mild, only week of the year it is "very" hot and week of the year it is "very cold", the rest of the time the temperature and weather are always comfortable, without sharp fluctuations (in summer the average temperature is +20 degrees, in winter -3). This ideal climate comes from maritime and continental influences. Due to the fact that the Czech Republic is surrounded by mountains along the entire perimeter, the negative influence of winds is significantly reduced, in addition, a significant amount of snow falls in the mountains, which makes the Czech Republic a ski country.

4.1. Geology,geomorphologyand soil

Most of the territory belongs to the geologically stable Czech massif, formed in the fourth geological period of the Paleozoic era by the Hercynian folding. The region of the Western Carpathians, in the east of the territory, was formed in the last epoch of tectogenesis by the Alpine folding.

In terms of geomorphology, the Czech Republic is located on the border of two mountain systems. The central and western parts of the Czech Republic are located on the Český masiv mountain range, mainly consisting of hills and mountains (Šumava, Czech Forest, Krushne Gora, Jizerske Gora, Krkonosze, Orlistske Gora, Krkonoše, Orlistske Gora, Kralicki Snezhik, Jeseníky), and in the east of the Czech Republic there are Western Carpathians (Beskydy). The territory with an area of ​​52,817 km2, which is 67% of the total area of ​​the Czech Republic, is located at an altitude of 500 meters above sea level, 25222 km2 (32%) at an altitude of 500 to 1000 meters, and only 827 km2 (1.05%) are at an altitude above 1000 meters above sea level. The highest point in the Czech Republic is the Sněžka mountain, 1602 meters above sea level, and the lowest is the Labe river near the town “Hřensko”, 115 meters above sea level. The average height above sea level is 430 meters.

The country's soil cover is diverse. The most common soil type in the Czech Republic is "Brown Soil", the plains are fertile black earths.

4.2. Hydrology and climate

The main European watershed separating the catchment area of ​​the Northern, Baltic and Black Sea basins passes through the territory of the Czech Republic. The main river axes are in Bohemia - Labe (370 km) with the Vltava (433 km); in Moravia - the Morava River (246 km) from Taya (306 km); in Silesia Odra (135 km) from Opavou (131 km).

The climate in the Czech Republic is mild, transitional between continental and oceanic types. An alternation of four seasons is typical. Westerly winds and intense cyclonic activity prevail. Maritime influence is manifested mainly in Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia are more susceptible to continental climatic influences. The greatest influence on the climate in the Czech Republic is the height above sea level and the relief.

4.3. Flora and fauna

Flora and fauna in the Czech Republic is a classic manifestation of the Central European fauna, which indicates the interpenetration of the guidelines. Forests, mostly coniferous, cover 33% of the total land area.

4.4. Environmental protection

The preserved pristine nature is protected in national parks and reserves. The highest authority for the protection and preservation of the environment in the Czech Republic is the Ministry of the Environment of the Czech Republic. There are four national parks in the Czech Republic: Sumava National Park, Krkonoše National Park, Bohemian Switzerland National Park and Podyje National Park. Protected areas include: National Parks (NP), Protected Landscape Areas (CHKO), National Reserves (NPR), Nature Reserves (PR), National Natural Monuments (NPP), Natural Attractions (PP).

Changes in the population in the Czech Republic according to the data of the Czech Statistical Office.
Year	Total population	Changes
1857	7,016,531	-
1869	7,617,230	+8,6%
1880	8,222,013	+7,9%
1890	8,665,421	+5,4%
1900	9,372,214	+8,2%
1910	10,078,637	+7,5%
1921	10,009,587	-0,7%
1930	10,674,386	+6,6%
1950	8,896,133	-16,7%
1961	9,571,531	+7,6%
1970	9,807,697	2,5%
1980	10,291,927	+4,9%
1991	10,302,215	+0,1%
2001	10,230,060	-0,7%
2011	10,526,214	+2,9%

5. Population

The birth rate in the Czech Republic is one of the lowest in the world, in 2012 there were 1.27 children per woman. The total population, according to the Czech Statistical Office, declined slightly in the years 1995 to 2002, currently the overall growth is about zero (-0.08 in 2003 and + 0.9% in 2004) due to an increase in immigration from abroad. although the natural increase since 1994 has always been negative. Life expectancy continues to rise slowly and exceeds 72 years for men and 79 years for women (2004 est.). 71% of the population lives in cities.

In the last census in 2011, 63.7% of Czech citizens identified themselves as Czech nationality (86% of those who identified themselves as any nationality), which prevails in all regions of the Czech Republic, 4.9% of the population identified themselves as Moravian nationality and 0.1% to Silesian nationality, although both nationalities use exclusively Czech for communication. According to the Czech Statistical Office (CSU), it is about the consequences of the division of the Czech nation, as a result of intensive media coverage and politicization of the Moravian national issue, as the political party of Moravia actively uses this issue for its political purposes. Before the 1991 census, it was virtually impossible to single out the nationalities, since there was no column in which it would be possible to indicate this, therefore, it is not possible to trace the complete demographic situation among each nationality. In the 2011 census, 26% of the population, in the nationality column, did not enter any information, i.e. left the field blank.

5.1. Religion

The Czech Republic has one of the least religious populations in the world. In a 2005 study of the Eurobarometer project, 19% of respondents answered that they believe in God, 50% believe in the power of spiritual life, and 30% not believe in religion. According to the latest census in 2011, about 3.6 million people do not adhere to any religion. This is 34.2% of the population. Almost 1.5 million people (13.9%) ranked themselves as different religions. Approximately 707,000 people (6.7%) identified themselves as believers, but not considering themselves to be any of the existing religions. In general, about 2,100,000 people, or 20.6% of the Czech population, ranked themselves as believers (regardless of religion). A total of 4,700,000 people (45.2%) in this voluntary field did not complete the questionnaire.

The most widespread religion in the Czech Republic is Christianity. The largest religious group is the Roman Catholic Church, which has 1.1 million believers (10.26%), which is significantly lower than in 2001, in the calculation that a total of 2.7 million people classified themselves as believers. (26.8%). The Orthodox Church still has a high proportion of believers, which has a total of 27,000 believers, 15,000 followers of Jedi, and 13,000 Jehovah's Witnesses. More than 700,000 people indicated they were believers, but did not identify themselves with any organized church. The number of adherents of Judaism is about 1500 inhabitants, Islam is preached by almost 3500 people. 6100 people classified themselves as various branches of Buddhism. 1,075 people classified themselves as Atheists, 863 people declared paganism.

The share of people who declared themselves to be believers, in comparison with the previous censuses, in 2001 decreased significantly. The number of people who have not declared any religion has significantly decreased. The innovation of the 2011 census was the ability to register as believers without belonging to a particular church, this opportunity was used by almost 7% of the population, but the percentage of people who chose not to answer the question about their religion also increased. The largest number of religious people live in the eastern part of the Czech Republic - Moravia.

5.2. Ethnographic groups

In the Czech Republic, there are several ethnographic groups closely related to the region where they live, which in the past had cultural differences, as well as dialect features. In Bohemia, these are: Hody, Plzenatsi, Blatatsi, Duleby, in Moravia: Horaci, Hanaki, Moravian Croats, Moravian Slovaks, Podluzatsi, Valashi, Lasi and others in Silesia, for example, Gurali. Differences between ethnographic groups began to blur after World War II, but some regional differences are still maintained. In addition to these geographically different ethnographic groups, it is necessary to note the groups that do not have a geographical reference to the place of residence, but are also significant, these are: the Romanesque and Israeli ethnographic group.

5.3. Foreigners

In general, in the Czech Republic, in 2011 the number of foreigners decreased by almost 8,000 compared to 2010, to 416,700 (4%). Prague and the Central Bohemian Region account for more than half of the total number of foreigners living in the Czech Republic. The majority of immigrants came from Slovakia (1.4%), Ukraine (0.5%), Poland (0.4%), Vietnam (0.3%), Germany (0.2%), Russia (0.2% ) and Hungary (0.1%). Compared to other European countries, the Czech Republic remains relatively homogeneous and strange, for example, in neighboring Germany, the largest number of foreigners living in the EU, that is, 7.2 million foreigners (9% of the population), Austria 10.8% and Spain 12% ... An indisputable advantage is the fact that in the Czech Republic such ethnic groups as Turks and Negroes are represented in small numbers and are not a problem for the state, unlike Germany and France.

4.1.

Tourism plays an important role in the economy, Czechs earn more than 100 billion dollars from tourists every year. - This is 5.5% of the country's GDP. The tourism sector employs about 170,000 residents, although this figure is clearly underestimated, because it does not include bartenders and waiters, shop assistants, and all these establishments work for tourism and for the local population.

The Czech Republic receives about 9 million guests a year. According to statistics for 2016, German citizens are in the lead among travelers - 1,880,000. Tourists come from Slovakia (645,000), Poland (543,000), USA (511,000), Great Britain (470,000). Russians are in 6th place on this list - 406,000 tourists in 2016.

The attendance of the Czech Republic by tourists from China, South Korea, and Japan is growing at a tremendous pace. Don't be surprised if you see Chinese characters in shops and currency exchange offices in Prague by 2020.

What attracts tourists to the Czech Republic? What is the country proud of? What surprises the visitors?

Firstly, by the historical monuments of centuries. Although not as long as Greek, Chinese or Egyptian, there are many monuments preserved here, and most are in excellent condition.

With a thousand-year history behind it, the state is saturated with architecture of different styles and trends. These are more than 2 thousand castles, their ruins and palaces, among them the most popular are: Litomyšl, Pardubice Castle, Jindrichuv Hradec, Star Summer Palace, Kromeriz Castle, Wallenstein Palace, Kinsky Palace.

Religious monuments in the Czech Republic fascinate with their grandeur and unique architectural solutions. This is the Cathedral of St. Wenceslas in Olomouc, the Church of St. James the Elder, and many others, like pearls scattered throughout the country. There are 11 Catholic cathedrals in the country.

Medical tourism is another strength of the Czech tourism industry. The healing springs of Karlovy Vary are famous all over the world. It is believed that the spa was founded here by Emperor Charles IV in 1350. Other destinations: Podebrady, Jachymov, peloid springs in Bechin and Třebon, sulfur-ferruginous peloid springs in Lázně Toušeni, natural warm and hot water in Teplice and a few others.

The Czech Republic is one of the European Mecca of gastronomic tourism. Beer tours are in great demand, when tourists are taken to breweries and tastings. However, there are so many types of beer in the Czech Republic that even during the longest beer tour you will not taste all of them.

Ski holidays are gaining momentum. Unfortunately, the country cannot boast of high mountains, in this area it is difficult for Czechs to compete with neighboring Austria and Switzerland. There are mountains in the Czech Republic - these are the Sudeten Mountains, the highest point of the country is Mount Snezka (1602 meters). Several ski resorts are located in the hills of Moravia. The most developed ski resort in the country is now Pec pod Snezkou.

The Czech Republic, or the Czech Republic, is a central European state bordering Poland in the north, Germany in the west, Austria in the south, and Slovakia in the east. The capital of the Czech Republic is the city of Prague, which is one big attraction in the open air. The country covers an area of ​​78 866 km², has a population of 10 610 947 people (2016). The largest cities are Prague, Brno, Pilsen, Ostrava.

According to legend, the ancestors of today's Czechs, led by their leader Czech, settled on the territory of modern Czech Republic, which has been inhabited since the Stone Age. The first chronicle mentions of settlements on the Czech land date back to the end of the 9th century, when these lands were united by princes from the Přemyslid clan. In the Middle Ages, the Czech kingdom had significant influence, but the religious conflicts that arose (the Hussite wars in the 15th century and the Thirty Years' War in the 17th century) significantly weakened it. Soon the kingdom came under the rule of the Habsburgs and became part of Austria-Hungary.

After the end of the First World War and the fall of Austria-Hungary in 1918, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Subcarpathian Rus united into the independent republic of Czechoslovakia. The country was occupied by Germany in 1939. At the end of World War II, the Czech Republic found itself in the Soviet camp, which predetermined its history until 1989. On January 1, 1993, Slovakia separated from the Czech Republic, and both countries gained independence. Today's Czech Republic has been a NATO member since 1999, it has been a member of the European Union since 2004.

The Czech Republic is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Europe. The country annually, regardless of the season, is visited by about 50 million people. The choice of tourist routes in the Czech Republic is so extensive that it is worthwhile to decide in advance which direction of tourism interests you at the moment, and which should be left for next visits. The most attractive are historical routes, since the country has a huge number of objects that will be of interest to fans of antiquity: castles, fortresses, castles. Some cities in the Czech Republic are included in the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage List.

Current time in Prague:
(UTC +1)

Fans of active recreation will find something to their liking - ecotourism and alpine skiing are developed in the country. Those wishing to admire the natural beauty in the Czech Republic - a real expanse: wooded mountains, caves, lakes and waterfalls. The Czech Republic also attracts tourists in need of health improvement: there are many popular thermal spas waiting for them.

How to get there

Czech Republic and Russia are connected by many flights. So, you can fly to Brno from Moscow, and to Karlovy Vary - from Moscow, St. Petersburg and Yekaterinburg. But the most popular destination is Prague. In addition, since October 28, 2012, Transaero has launched flights on the Moscow - Pardubice route.

From the Czech capital, planes fly to Moscow (Aeroflot and Czech Airlines), St. Petersburg (Russia and Czech Airlines), Voronezh (Polet), Yekaterinburg (Ural Airlines and Czech Airlines ), Rostov-on-Don (Aeroflot-Don and Czech Airlines), Samara (Aeroflot and Czech Airlines), Novosibirsk (S7) and Tyumen (Yamal).

Flight search
to the Czech Republic

Vehicle search
for hire

Search for flights to Czech Republic

We compare all available flight options at your request, and then direct you to purchase on the official websites of airlines and agencies. The airfare you see on Aviasales is final. We have removed all hidden services and checkboxes.

We know where to buy cheap flights. Plane tickets to 220 countries of the world. Search and compare prices for flights among 100 agencies and 728 airlines.

We cooperate with Aviasales.ru and do not take any commissions - the cost of tickets is exactly the same as on the website.

Search for a rental car

Compare 900 car rental companies at 53,000 locations.

Search 221 car rental companies worldwide
40,000 points of issue
Easy cancellation or modification of your booking

We cooperate with RentalCars and do not take any commissions - the rental price is exactly the same as on the website.

Climate and weather in the Czech Republic

The climate of the Czech Republic is moderate continental with features of the sea. Summer in the region is warm, with daytime temperatures of + 23 ... + 25 ° С, with a lot of precipitation. Winter is cloudy, cool, in the daytime around 0 ... + 3 ° C, and at night -5 ... -2 ° C, snow often falls. In winter, ski resorts start operating in the mountains.

The minimum precipitation occurs in spring and autumn, this time is considered the most comfortable for excursions and travel around the country.

The weather in the Czech Republic rarely surprises: in summer, as a rule, it is not hot, and in winter it is moderately cool, so tourists visit the country all year round.

Cities and regions

Regions

• Bohemia - Western Bohemia
• Moravia - the eastern part of the country
• Czech Silesia is the northeastern part of the Republic.

• Prague is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic.
• Brno is the largest city in Moravia and hosts the Moto GP Grand Prix every year.
• Ostrava is the third largest city in the Czech Republic.
• Cesky Krumlov is a beautiful old town and castle.
• Opava is a rich and historically important city in Silesia, near the border with Poland.
• Jesenik is a popular winter resort.
• Karlovy Vary aka "Karlsbad", a historic health resort.
• Karvina is a resort located near Ostrava.
• Kutná Hora is a historic town with the famous St. Barbara Cathedral and old silver mines.
• Novosedly is a village in the Moravian Wine Region, where you can take a horse ride through the vineyards.
• Olomouc is a vibrant university town.
• Plzen is the birthplace of Pilsner Urquell beer, the largest city in West Bohemia.

What to see

Czech castles

The pride of the Czech Republic is its castles, of which there are about 2500 pieces. Almost every corner of the Czech Republic has its own castle - an old one with an interesting ancient history. Castles - fortified dwellings of feudal lords - were built according to a certain structure: the castle itself (castle) with a church, surrounded by one or more suburbs, gradually added and used for economic purposes. During the Renaissance, castles lost their importance as military fortresses and turned into comfortable dwellings. In the 19th century, many Czech castles were rebuilt in the spirit of romanticism, acquired neo-Gothic elements and a certain "English accent". At the end of the 20th century, some of the castles were returned to the families that had historically owned them as part of restitution, others became hotels, and still others - museums. Many castles today offer guests magnificent theatrical performances - excursions into the history of the Czech Republic, arranging knightly tournaments, costume performances, concerts of ancient music, tastings of Czech cuisine. Below is a list of the most famous castles in the Czech Republic. You can read more about Czech castles in the article “Castles of the Czech Republic. The fabulous atmosphere of the Middle Ages. "

• Karlštejn Castle
  

Old cities of the Czech Republic

In addition to castles in the Czech Republic, it is definitely worth visiting ancient cities, in which a huge number of historical and architectural monuments are concentrated.

Once in Brno, it is worth taking some time to explore the Moravian Gallery - the second largest museum in the Czech Republic, famous for its rich collection. The gallery, founded in 1961, houses objects of free art - not only painting, graphics and plastic arts from ancient times to the present, but also photography, applied art, and graphic design.

Also noteworthy in Brno are the Cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul, the Basilica of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, the Church of St. Jacob, the Town Hall, the Church of St. Michael.

Kutná Hora

Memorial Terezin

The Terezin Fortress was founded at the end of the 18th century at the confluence of the Laba and Ohři rivers, 5 km south of Litoměřice. During World War II, the German occupiers set up a concentration camp for Jews in the fortress, the so-called Terezin ghetto, which housed a little less than 140,000 people (33,000 of them died while in the ghetto). Some of the Jews (88,000 people) were deported to Auschwitz and other death camps. By the end of the war, 17,247 people had survived in the ghetto. Terezin was liberated by Soviet troops on May 9, 1945. Today it is located in Terezín.

Healing resorts Czech Republic

The Czech Republic is a recognized destination for health tourism, the country is famous for its thermal and mineral spas, the most famous of which is Karlovy Vary. The city founded by Emperor Charles IV century. 1358, appeared in a place where 132 mineral springs break through to the surface of the earth, 12 of which are with healing water. The resort has a glorious history; the entire world elite came here to improve their health: monarchs, prominent politicians, famous people of art. The streets of the city repeat the bends formed by the Teplaya River, across which openwork bridges are thrown. The city is decorated with picturesque buildings of different eras, parks, squares. In addition to the treatment procedures shown for a wide range of diseases, and pleasant walks in the bosom of nature, you can always have an interesting time here, for example, the city hosts the Karlovy Vary Film Festival - the second most important in Europe after the Cannes Film Festival.

sights

Museums and galleries

Entertainment

Parks and recreation areas

Leisure

Transport

Wellness holiday

Private guides in the Czech Republic

Russian private guides will help you to get acquainted with the Czech Republic in more detail.
It is registered on the project Experts.Tourister.Ru.

Things to do

• University clinic in Motol

Traveling around the country

Bus

The most convenient mode of transport for traveling around the Czech Republic is by bus. In some destinations, buses run faster and more frequently than trains. Dozens of carrier companies operate flights throughout the country. Communication between large cities is provided at least several times a day. You can also get to small towns and remote places with daily flights without any problems. Comfortable buses with air conditioning and TVs, often with reclining seats, operate on the lines. Czech buses adhere to the schedule impeccably. Tickets can be purchased at the box office in advance, at the entrance to the bus from the driver, or online on the website of the carrier company. The seat is not indicated on the tickets - passengers sit on empty seats.

One of the main carriers is the country's largest bus company CSAD (Ceska Autobusova Doprava), which operates both domestic and international routes. The starting point in Prague is the Florenc train station. Information about routes and timetables is available on the website www.florenc.info, or in the CSAD information window from 6:00 to 19:45, on Saturday from 6:00 to 16:00, on Sunday from 8:00 to 18:00 ... Tickets are also sold there. If the window is closed, you can consult the travel agency located opposite, which also carries out its own transportation in the country.

Another very popular bus company in the Czech Republic is. Her buses are distinguished by impeccable comfort and a high level of service: female flight attendants will offer you tea, coffee and chocolate, the Czech press for free. In addition, tickets from this company are often cheaper than tickets from other carriers, and the bus spends much less travel time. The colorful Student Agency buses leave from Prague from the Zlicin metro, tickets can be bought at the kiosk at the platform or ordered on the company's website. Seats are indicated on Student Agency tickets.

The required bus route in the Czech Republic can be found at. To create a personal route, select the link kombinace, enter the name of the starting (Odkud) and destination (Kam) points, the date (Datum) and time (Čas) of departure (odjezd) or arrival (příjezd), as well as the possible number of transfers (přestupů). The site will display a list of route options with the numbers of all flights, indicating the time of departure and en route, as well as a cost estimate. The only caveat is that the site works in Czech, but words can be typed in regular Latin letters, without using diacritics. For translation, you can use one of the online dictionaries.

Trains

The Czech Republic has a fairly dense rail network, which is operated by a company, or simply CD. Trains to most destinations leave hourly.

The slowest regional trains are called Osobni (O), they stop at all stops, and in large cities several times. Spešný (Sp) are regional express trains that run somewhat faster than the usual ones, as in big cities they stop only at the main train stations. The fast trains are called Rychlik (R) and Express (Ex) and usually have a dining car or buffet.

Fast night trains are also called Rychlik, but they are not very convenient to move around - you will still not be able to get enough sleep due to the shortness of the trip. International night trains are called EuroNight (EN).

The fastest - InterCity (IC) and EuroCity (EC) trains have a high level of comfort and will cost more to travel. EU trains are international, linking Prague with major European cities, while IC trains are domestic.

SuperCity or Pendolino - the new high-speed trains recently bought by Czech Railways have a special ticket fare (SC). The schedule is available on the website.

The ticket price depends on the class of the carriage and the distance. To save money, you can buy a weekend pass - SONE +, which is intended for travel on all trains throughout the Czech Republic during the weekend, it is also valid in the border regions of Germany, Austria and Poland. On other days it is worth using one of the Sitova jizdenka passes, information on which can be seen.

There are significant discounts for young people and students: the ticket will be about one and a half times cheaper for them. Travel is free for children under 6 years old, children under 15 years old receive a 50% discount.

Remember, getting to small breweries or remote towns by train is likely to require multiple connections. You can optimally plan your route at.

Bike

Bicycles are a very popular form of transport in the Czech Republic: the length of cycle paths now exceeds 37 thousand km. The most extensive route network is located in Prague, in Central and Northern Moravia, and most of them are so-called greenways. "Green Roads" are laid along rivers, water canals and railways, they pass along the old pilgrimage and trade roads, past famous historical monuments or natural attractions. These include the following routes: Prague - Vienna, Amber Route, Moravian Route, Labe Route, Moravian Wine Route, etc. The widespread development of cycling in the Czech Republic is due to the fact that the country was included in the project of the European network of bicycle routes “EuroVelo”, developed by European Cycling Federation with the aim of linking 12 European cycle paths connecting all European countries.

Auto

To travel in the Czech Republic by car, the driver must be over 18 years old, have a valid international driving license, an identity card (for everyone except EU citizens, you also need a passport), car registration documents and a third party liability insurance policy ( Green card).

The car must be marked with a nationality sign and a fine is imposed for its absence. The car must have an emergency stop sign in the form of a red triangle and a first aid kit. Children should only ride in a car with seat belts and appropriate seats. From October 15 to May 15, drivers must turn on the dipped headlights even during daylight hours. Drunk driving is punishable by a severe fine or detention. Motorcyclists and their passengers are required to wear protective helmets.

The maximum permissible speed for cars and buses is 50 km / h in built-up areas, 90 km / h on normal roads and 130 km / h on motorways.

Motorways and motorway-type roads in the Czech Republic are toll, so motorists need to purchase a ticket with which they can drive throughout the whole year. The coupon is glued to the windshield. You can buy it at the post office, at gas stations along the roads, at all large border points. The cost of the coupon is 400 CZK for vehicles weighing up to 3.5 tons, 1000 CZK - over 3.5 tons.

Gas stations are located on all major roads after about 50 km, at the entrances to major cities. Most gas stations close after 21:30.

Renting a car in the Czech Republic will not be difficult: at airports, in large cities and in high-class hotels, there are offices of all leading car rental companies. If you intend to visit only Prague, you should not rent a car: many streets of the city are closed to car traffic, and public transport is very well developed.

Aircraft

Domestic air traffic in the Czech Republic is practically undeveloped: by plane you can only get from Prague to Brno and Ostrava. Flights are mainly carried out. There are several international airports in the Czech Republic: Prague Ruzyne Airport, Brno Turany Airport, Ostrava Leos Janacek Airport and Karlovy Vary Airport.

Communication

It is not surprising that the main language spoken here is Czech. Czechs are very proud of their mother tongue and even in Prague there are few signs and signs in English (outside of the main tourist spots). Older people often do not know English, but most young people speak at least a little English, as they learn it in schools.

Kitchen

Czech cuisine is the result of local culinary traditions and borrowings from the cuisines of neighboring nations. Czech cuisine is very satisfying, made from natural products, abounding in first courses, meat dishes, delicious desserts.

Sauces

Czechs cannot imagine a meal without sauces, of which there are a lot: tomato, horseradish, dill, cucumber, sour cream, lingonberry, garlic, onion, etc. The basis of the sauces is meat broths, in which flour is sauteed and various ingredients are added.
Another "feature" of Czech cuisine is dumplings - boiled pieces of flour or potato dough. By themselves, dumplings are not used, only as a side dish for meat dishes.

Soups

First courses - soups, or Polévky (voles) - hold a special place in Czech cuisine - Czechs love them very much. The most popular are Česnečka (garlic) garlic soup, Jihočeská kulajda (jigocheska kulajda) - mushroom potato soup with sour cream, often served in bread, Cibulačka - onion soup with croutons and cheese.

Meat dishes

Meat dishes are no less popular: the Czechs honor pork, beef, lamb, poultry, and game. The traditional meat dish is Vepřo-knedlo-zelo - baked pork in gravy with dumplings and stewed cabbage. A favorite among tourists, Pečené vepřové koleno is a baked pork knee with horseradish and mustard, or a pork knuckle. Knees are usually very large, pay attention to the weight - sometimes there are a lot of portions for two. In the menu of any restaurant you will also find dishes from ribs, goulash, rolls, cutlets, steaks, schnitzels, kebabs, etc.

The most interesting beef dishes: Pivovarský guláš (brewer's goulash) with gravy and dumplings, Biftek naložený v barevném pepři s omáčkou (biftek layered in barevny peprzi with omáčkoyu) - beefsteak on colored peppercorns with moravne sauce Moravian pot.

A fish

Fish is not the most popular product on the Czech table, however, during the fishing season in the Moravian lakes or for Christmas, many dishes are prepared from fish: Pečený kapr na česneku (capra baked for garlic) - baked carp with garlic, Pečený pstruh (baked pstrug) - baked trout, Pečený tuňák (baked tunyak) - baked tuna.

desserts

Czech desserts are very good. It is worth trying Zmrzlinový pohár s čerstvým ovocem (zmrzlinový pohár s čerstvým ovocem) - ice cream with fruits, syrups, chocolate, waffles, Horka laska (weasel slide) - “hot love”, ice cream with hot raspberry syrup, sirinky years malinami a šlehačkou - pancakes with ice cream, hot raspberry syrup and whipped cream. Not worse than Italian and Czech tiramisu - Domácí tiramisy zdobený čerstvým ovocem (domacy tiramisu zdobený čerstvým ovocem), and Czech strudel Jablečný štrudl s vanilkovou zmrzlinou (apple strudel can compete with vanilla beetle)

Beverages

Wine is a popular drink, especially from Moravia in the southeastern part of the country, where the climate is most suitable for growing vineyards. White wine is considered better because the growing conditions are more suitable for it. Taste the white wines Veltlínské zelené (Green Veltliner), Muškát moravský (Moravian Muscat), Ryzlink rýnský (Rhine Riesling) or Tramín (Traminer); or red wines such as: Frankovka (Frankovka), Modrý Portugal (Blue Portugal, named after the grape variety, not the country), or Svatovavchinecké (Saint Lawrence).

Also try ice wine (ledové víno) made from the harvest after the vines have been frozen; or a straw wine (slámové víno) made by ripening grapes on straw - these wines are more expensive and are almost the same as dessert wines. Bohemian Sekt is a very popular wine among Czechs, it is sweet, effervescent, similar to Lambrusco and is drunk on holidays. Places to buy wine: a wine bar (vinárna) or a wine shop (vinotéka), which sometimes has a small bar.

For spirits, try Becherovka (Becherovka, a herbal liqueur, vaguely similar to Jagermeister, its taste is a mixture of cloves and cinnamon, improves digestion), Slivovitsa (Slivovice, a plum brandy, a very popular tonic), Hruškovice, a peach liqueur , not as hot as Slivovitsa). Alcoholic drinks are made from almost all fruits (plums, peaches, cherries, thorns, etc.). Unique Czech tuzemský rum (made from sugar beets, not sugar cane like Cuban rum, sold under the brand name Tuzemák. Be careful as they all contain about 40% alcohol.

Also try Svachák, a hot wine served in pubs, outdoors during Christmas sales, Grog, hot rum and water, served with a slice of lemon, and Medovina (honey), which is usually served hot, and is especially good for keep warm in the cold winter market.

Finally, if you're heading to Moravia, try Burchák, this drink is only sold in late summer or early autumn. It is a very young wine, usually white, cloudy, still in the fermentation stage, when the wine is very sweet and easy to drink. It continues to ferment in the stomach, so the alcohol content during consumption is unknown, but usually high. Czechs say that it should be drunk only fresh and many private winemakers are passionate about it, waiting until nightfall for the moment when the wine reaches the "burch" stage. It can be bought at wine festivals around the country, sometimes in markets or wine bars.

Beer

And finally, beer. A drink without which it is difficult to imagine any meal or snack in the Czech Republic. Some go to the Czech Republic solely for the sake of beer, making up special "beer" routes for themselves, and paying little attention to the Czech cuisine itself. You can read about the history of brewing in the Czech Republic, modern types of beer, snacks, beer and prices for a foamy drink in our special article “How to drink beer in the Czech Republic? ". You can also get acquainted with the breweries of the Czech capital under the heading "Beer Prague".

Purchases

The Czech Republic is the center of Europe, and shopping in it promises the same variety of goods as in any other European country. In the Czech Republic, shopaholics will find not only a good assortment of well-known brands, pleasing with democratic prices, but also an impressive list of authentic endemic things that can be bought only here.

Shops in the Czech Republic are open, as a rule, from 9:00 to 18:00, on Saturdays - from 9:00 to 13:00. In large cities, shops can be open until 21:00. Grocery stores are open on weekdays from 6:00 to 18:00 and on Saturdays until noon. Sometimes there is a lunch break in shops, usually between 12:00 and 13:00. Large supermarkets are open daily until 22:00, and some supermarkets are open 24 hours a day.

You can read more about shopping in the Czech Republic (popular souvenirs, opening hours of shops, shopping centers, shopping in Karlovy Vary, Brno, Olomouc, Plzen and Cesky Krumlov, tax refunds and much more) in the article "Shopping in the Czech Republic". If your visit to the country is limited only to its capital, then you can read our special article "Shopping in Prague".

Connection

You can buy a Vodafone SIM card (for example, in Prague, this can be done on Wenceslas Square, if you go down from the monument to St. Wenceslas - on the right side), a SIM card costs 200 CZK (already includes credit for calls). To call Russia: +7 - city code - number ;, Czech Republic code: +420. You can top up your account at Trafika kiosks, the nearest kiosk on Wenceslas Square is in the Mustek metro station.

Security

• Taxi drivers... Negotiate the price before getting in a taxi or use trusted companies (for example, in Prague AAA taxi, Profi Taxi, City Taxi). Taxi drivers in Prague are known for taking the longest route to make more money. The Prague municipality has introduced new rules that legal taxis must be yellow. Don't want to overpay - use public transport - cheap, fast and reliable. In Prague, the metro runs until midnight, and there are also night trams that run all night, and very often go to the central tram stop Lazarská.
• Pickpockets... Keep an eye on your wallet, especially in a crowd (when sightseeing, on the subway, on trams). Be especially vigilant in the presence of large groups of people.
• Prostitution. Prostitution is not illegal in the Czech Republic, but health risks can be very high, especially in cheap brothels on the streets. There have also been cases of prostitutes giving their clients sleeping pills and then taking whatever they had. Pay attention to the age of the prostitute, as it is a crime to pay someone under the age of 18 for sex.
• Drugs... Since the beginning of 2010, in the Czech Republic, you can have up to 15 grams of marijuana, up to four ecstasy pills, two grams of amphetamine, one and a half grams of heroin, one gram of cocaine. Czechs are also allowed to grow up to five hemp bushes and 40 hallucinogenic mushrooms at home. In connection with the legalization of the above drugs, an increase in the number of HIV-infected and an increase in the flow of drug tourists is expected in the Czech Republic, and a general decrease in drug prices may lead to a cocaine boom.
• Mites... In the Czech Republic, there are ticks that cause encephalitis and borreliosis. Ticks hide in the grass and bushes, so try to walk along the paths and inspect the body after walking. Encephalitis vaccination is available and recommended. A good insect repellent will do the trick too. Ticks are also sometimes found in city parks, including Prague.

Health

Pharmacies (lékárna) are usually open from 8 am to 7 pm, Monday through Friday. In large cities there are 24-hour pharmacies, you should find out the address of the closest one on the list on the window of the nearest pharmacy. One of the central 24-hour pharmacies in Prague is the one located at the corner of Belgická and Rumunská Streets, where they sell both prescription and over-the-counter medicines. Medicines are dispensed from a small window regardless of the time of day - ring the bell if no one is there.

A well-known hospital in Prague is Nemocnice na Homolce, located at Roentgenova 37/2, Prague 5 (tel: 257 272 350). This clinic is adapted for foreigners. The person at the reception speaks English and can make an appointment. Most doctors speak at least some English and the level of service is of a high standard.

Several years ago, Prague earned the right to be called the center of European shopping. Local shops offer clothes and shoes at reasonable prices, even in the city center. On the Wenceslas Square of the Czech capital, tourists will find dozens of shops with a varied assortment at affordable prices. Admirers of designer clothes and luxury brands will be able to dress up on Parisian Street. It is very profitable to find yourself in the Czech Republic during seasonal sales, prices are reduced by 2-3 times.

The most diverse goods are brought from the Czech Republic, first of all, of course, beer and the famous liqueurs "Becherovka" and "Slivovitsa", absinthe. Indispensable souvenirs - beer mugs of all shapes and sizes. Unique Bohemian crystal is in constant demand. Sweet tooths are stocked with delicious Czech waffles with fillings. Jewelry lovers will find beautiful pieces of silver and garnet here. When buying a magnificent Czech garnet, be sure to have a certificate confirming its authenticity.

Tourists are happy to buy ceramics, porcelain, lace. Fashionistas and fashionistas will not ignore the hats of the Tonak factory, which have been sewn here since the end of the 16th century. Many people buy here exact copies of the headdresses of famous personalities, for example, Winston Churchill.

Ladies will not be able to pass by the amazing jewelry of the Preciosa factory, which is considered elite.

Children will be delighted with a variety of toys - puppets, porcelain dolls in national clothes, and a plush mole, a famous cartoon character, will delight them.

Women who want to get pregnant buy a figurine of the baby Jesus, called Ezulatko, she will help the woman to fulfill her dream and will protect her child.

Medicinal salts are brought from Karlovy Vary, and romantics - an unusual and original souvenir - a salt rose soaked in mineral water salts and frozen forever. At the resorts, you can buy medicinal cosmetics and original utensils for drinking mineral water from the springs.

When purchasing expensive items, do not forget to keep your receipts until customs control - they will prove that you are not exporting antiques.

A nice bonus - if in shops with the Tax-free system you purchased goods for more than 100 €, you will be refunded up to 25% of the purchase price, do not forget to draw up the necessary documents.

Kitchen

Beer is the calling card of the Czech Republic. Sophisticated connoisseurs of the foamy drink enjoy it in drinking establishments near breweries, for example, in Pilsen, Prague and Budujovice, and in the villages of Velkopopovice and Krusovice. In addition to breweries, many restaurants can boast of brewing beer.

From May 16 to June 1, Prague becomes the Mecca of beer lovers, they come here for the beer festival. At this time, you can get acquainted with the taste and hop qualities of more than 70 types of beer. The Czechs claim that their beer is as healing as their legendary mineral springs, and they drink it in impressive mugs at any time of the day.

Each beer has its own characteristic flavor, so it is very difficult to pick out the best one.

In ancient times, brewers settled at a distance of at least a mile from each other so as not to compete with each other. And if the public passed a verdict that some brewer had bad beer, then he was subject to physical punishment and a serious fine. Thanks to such harsh measures, Czech beer has always been of excellent quality.

Beer in the Czech Republic is always served chilled to 6-10 degrees, it is believed that it is at this temperature that the hoppy drink is tastier and more aromatic. The most common and well-known Czech beers are Urgent Pilsner, Gambrinus, Staropramen, Krusovuce, Ferdinand. But in each institution it will be considered an honor to give the guest a taste of a unique variety, prepared only here: nettle, cherry, wheat and even coffee beer.

Beer in the Czech Republic is not just a drink. It is used in the preparation of many dishes, soups, dough is kneaded on it and sauces are made from it.

Becherovka liqueur infused with 42 herbs has long since stepped beyond the borders of the Czech Republic. Liqueur is named after the pharmacist Josef Becher, who created this drink in 1805 for medicinal purposes for use in diseases of the stomach. But the unique soft taste of the liqueur was appreciated not only by patients, and soon the drink became very popular. Only Karlovy Vary water is used for its production.

The most popular spirits are plum vodka and 72-degree absinthe flavored with wormwood.

Czech cuisine is quite varied and has incorporated both elements of the common European cuisine and national traits. National dishes loved by tourists are goulash, fried sausages, onion or garlic stew, fried goose, meat rolls, sweet butcher pancakes stuffed with chocolate mousse or jam. We also recommend trying stewed cabbage soup, soup baked in a loaf of bread, beef goulash with dumplings and the famous apple strudel. And take the famous pork fat for beer!

Czech cuisine is famous for its flour products, especially dumplings. Dumplings can be used as a side dish or as a separate dish stuffed with minced meat or jam. A popular dish among Czechs is pork with stewed cabbage and dumplings.

• There is a funny attraction in Prague - a statue of two peeing men. Computer-controlled jets of water bring out the phrases of famous Prague citizens.
• The famous polka dance is not at all Polish, but of Czech origin. The name is derived from the Czech word for "half", since the time signature of the dance is 2/4.
• In Prague, you can walk along the Royal Route - here Czech kings went “to work” and back.
• Czech grammar is considered the most difficult in the world.
• The highest point in the Czech Republic is Mount Sněžka, 1602 meters high.
• The Czech Republic has the highest level of beer consumption per capita - 160 liters per person per year.
• Prague Castle is the largest castle in the world.
• Every year in June, from the 19th to the 21st, in the small town of Cesky Krumlov, a real carnival takes place in honor of the holiday of the Five-Petal Rose, at which time the city plunges into the real era of the Middle Ages. Historical costumes are brought here from all over the country, in which all the townspeople, from young to old, dress up. Tourists can also take part in costume events, torchlight processions, and buy unique souvenirs at the fair.

Information for tourists

To visit the Czech Republic you need a Schengen visa.

The country's currency is the Czech crown.

Grocery stores are open from 6 am, and general stores are open from 9 am. Banks are open only on weekdays, and exchange offices are open every day.

Historic sites and museums are closed on Mondays and days following the holidays.

Czech time is 2 hours behind Moscow time.

It is important that smoking is prohibited in the country at bus stops and in public places. The penalty for breaking the ban is 42 €.

When visiting cafes, bars and restaurants, it is customary to leave the same tip as elsewhere in Europe - no more than 10%.

You can import into the country no more than 200 cigarettes, a liter of strong alcohol and 2 liters of wine, no more than 50 ml of perfume or 250 ml of eau de toilette, medicines for personal consumption.

The Czech Republic is a completely safe country, where the rule of law is ensured by numerous police officers. But, as in any major tourist centers, no one is safe from theft of a wallet or valuables, so be vigilant.

Most streets in historic centers are paved with cobblestones, so it is wise to stock up on comfortable, low-heeled shoes.

When exploring cities on your own, be sure to purchase a map - not all buildings have numbers, and the map will allow you not to get lost and find the sights you need.

Transport

The country has a well-developed intercity bus service. Bus passengers are required to wear seat belts.

Also in the country there is an extensive network of railways; all major cities can be reached by train or train. Child ticket discount 50%.

Drivers with an international driving license and who have reached 21 years of age can rent a car. You need to pay a deposit for the car. Remember to wear seat belts and turn on your headlights during the day.

You can get around the cities by public transport, which runs exactly on schedule. There is a metro in Prague. When traveling by taxi, it is advisable to agree in advance with the driver about the price, in order to avoid mutual misunderstanding at the end of the route.

Hotels

Czech hotel service meets European standards, its level is directly related to the category of the hotel. The rooms of hotels with one or two stars do not have bathrooms, they are shared by several rooms. Regardless of the category and size of the hotel, you will always have cereals, coffee, tea, buttered bagels, cheese and several types of sausage for breakfast.

Each hotel has to confirm its rank every 4 years, so the hotel owners take care of the appropriate quality.

In the Czech Republic, there are fashionable hotels of world hotel chains, youth hotels, hostels, and private pensions, you can find shelter for any income, the main thing is to take care of accommodation in advance at the height of the tourist season.

Lovers of antiquity can stay in romantic castle-hotels with their ponds, gardens, royal rooms for newlyweds. But the pleasure is not cheap - from 300 €.

In Prague, the cost of hotels is directly proportional to their proximity or distance from the center of the Czech capital.

To the services of travelers by car, more than 200 campsites, modern and well-equipped, must have running water, electricity, and laundry on their territory.

Holidays

The most "important" holiday in the Czech Republic is Christmas, and the most cheerful and noisy holiday is Shrovetide (in the countryside, it is jointly celebrated by all the inhabitants of the village). The holiday of the end of the harvest is called Dozhinok. In the south of Moravia, autumn fishing is celebrated in numerous ponds, many of which are over 400 years old.

Public holidays include:

• January 1 - New Year.
• Good Friday.
• Easter Monday.
• May 1 - Labor Day (in the Czech Republic this day is called "the holiday of love").
• May 8 - Day of Liberation of the Czech Republic from Fascism.
• July 5 - Day of the Slavic Apostles Cyril and Methodius.
• July 6 - Jan Hus Memorial Day.
• October 28 - Independence Day. On this day in 1918, the Czechoslovak Republic was proclaimed in Prague.
• December 25 and 26 - Christmas; on these days shops are closed (and on December 24, on Christmas Eve, they are open only until 14.00).

How to get there

Several Aeroflot and Czech Airlines planes fly from Russia to the Czech Republic every day from Moscow, St. Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod. Yekaterinburg and other large cities. The most popular destination cities are Prague, Brno, Karlovy Vary. Every day a train departs from the Belorussky railway station in Moscow to the Czech Republic, travel time is 32 hours.