Every day a fisherman. Small fishing trawler "Baltika" type Small fishing motorboat

Many of us, Irkutsk water motorists, had wooden displacement boats in the past. These were mostly well-worn, decommissioned dories and small fishing boats of the MRB-20 and MRB-40 types. For many years we sailed on these ships along the Irkutsk Reservoir and Lake Baikal, which is famous not only for its obstinate nature, but also for the almost complete absence of refueling along the banks. That is why seaworthy and economical “leisurely” boats are especially popular with us.

Unfortunately, the time comes when the burden of the owner of such a wooden vessel becomes unbearable. The old building begins to filter the water, and new places of rot appear in the set. The money and effort invested in repairs no longer produce any effect. The time has come to think about replacing the vessel.

It is almost impossible to purchase a wooden case. For a long time no one dared to build a more reliable and practical steel one on their own. It was scary: I was frightened by the unfamiliar technology of working with metal, mainly by the complexity of bending and marking and testing work. Indeed, how, for example, can one achieve exact compliance with the contours of numerous bent frames? How to control the bending of the outer skin sheets of a round-chine hull? On the other hand, the steel option became more and more accessible: enterprises were able to sell “illiquid stock” and “substandard”; although rare, cut sheet metal began to appear in stores.

An example and impetus for all of us, united by common interests in a unique club, which, of course, is not officially registered anywhere, was given by Igor Chernykh (a driver by profession).

An unusual, in this case previously unknown to us, method of “molding” a steel hull onto a block, which was the hull of an existing vessel, was invented and successfully applied. There is only one disadvantage of this method: it is clear that the contours of the vessel being built will be somewhat (to the height of the shelves of the set) an enlarged copy of the one that serves as a blockhead.

Thanks to this successful solution to the main problem, we managed to build six buildings in four years. I think the experience gained may be useful to other amateur shipbuilders.

The first thing I advise you to start with is the choice and equipment of the site for construction. You will need a welding transformer and regular tools for plumbing work. The use of gas cutting will greatly simplify the matter. It is very advisable not just to find a partner, but for several amateurs to cooperate, as we did: when we combine efforts, the work goes much faster.

Like a fool, we used the out-of-date fishing dory. Subsequently, ships with MRB-40 contours were built using the same technology.

The dummy hull was laid upside down. On its outer skin the position of the frames of the vessel under construction was marked with an actual spacing of 400 mm. The stem, keel and sternpost (a narrow strip 15-20 mm thick) were laid along the DP line. Now it was possible to start making frames from the corner profile. At first we bent the frames onto the block using sledgehammer blows. In the manufacture of subsequent ships, the technology was simplified: both blanks of one frame (from the main frame to the side) were temporarily grabbed flange to flange, the “upper” end was temporarily welded to the keel and, with the help of two or three people, the frame was pressed onto the hull. Thus, it took no more than 10 minutes to produce strictly symmetrical both branches of one frame. The situation was more complicated with the flexible frames at the ends. Later, we mechanized this work too, using a roller from an old thickness planer to bend the profile.

The manufactured frames were marked, then the tacks were removed. The time lost on removing tacks was paid off by the high quality of work, since the flanges of the squares practically did not move to the sides during bending.

Then, along the line of the upper edge of the side, a fender beam made of a pipe with a diameter of 60-80 mm was placed, bent in place; its ends were welded to the stems. The prepared branches were laid in place and, after adjusting the ends, welded to the keel and to the fender beam. The installation of frames began from the midsection. This is one of the most critical operations in which special care is required. Any negligence results in a loss of time during subsequent adjustment of the sheathing sheets and a sloppy appearance of the hull.

As experience was gained, it became possible, at the owner’s request, to even change the contours of the stern and bow ends. So, we all know that the MRB has rather blunt contours of the bow, so when sailing against a wave, strong impacts and splashing on the deck are felt. We began to make the bow of the boat much sharper by increasing the slope of the stem. The camber of the side given to the frames improved the wave penetration and reduced flooding. In the aft part, on the contrary, the fullness of the contours was increased, since when installing a more powerful engine than on the prototype, a significant trim to the stern appeared. Subsequently, we were convinced in practice of the feasibility of the changes made.

After welding the frames to the keel and fender, the set was removed from the block. I will also add that when performing welding work on a wooden block, it is necessary to pay special attention to fire safety.

Then, brackets, floras, stringers and other strength elements of the set were installed at the corners of the frame frames.

At first we were very intimidated by the complexity of bending and fitting the skin to the kit. The first ships were built with a skin thickness of 3-4 mm, on subsequent ones we even increased the thickness of the keel belt to 6 mm. Having acquired certain skills in working with a sledgehammer, a lever and clamps, this stage of work turned out to be not so difficult and even brought satisfaction, since the results of the work clearly appeared before our eyes.

The sheathing, assembled on tacks, was welded with an intermittent seam to the set. Then a qualified welder we invited welded the joints and grooves. This was followed by the “regular” completion phase; bulkheads were welded, a deck, superstructures, engine frame, etc. were installed. At the same time, embedded parts were welded to the set for fastening the internal lining and furnishings, berths, etc.

The engine was mounted on rubber shock absorbers, which reduces vibration and noise. For thermal insulation of the interior, foam plastic was used, which at the same time provides a reserve of buoyancy in emergency situations.

All owners of new steel boats were satisfied with the results of the work. The vessel's displacement, compared to the wooden prototype, not only did not increase, but was even slightly smaller; Concrete ballast was used to load the hull before settling along the waterline (this work was carried out already afloat).

Several of the vessels we built were equipped with auxiliary sails on two masts. With a tailwind of 5-6 m/s, the speed under sail is 7-9 km/h. Sailing rigs are also useful because they sharply reduce roll.

Tem. Whoever wants to repeat our experience, we wish you success.

Main characteristics:

Field equipment:

A characteristic feature of each coastal fishing area is the abundance of fishing boats of various types. Fleets of these small vessels contribute a significant share of the total catch. Recently, their importance has especially increased due to the widespread introduction of extensive national fisheries protection zones and regulated fishing conditions, which have reduced the traditional fishing areas of large fishing vessels.

The trawl fishing boat, which will be discussed on these pages, is one of the newest and most advanced vessels for coastal fishing used in our country.

The purpose of the trawl boat is to catch fish with a small trawl and drift* nets no further than 20 miles from the port of refuge, as well as transport the caught fish to the port. Navigation autonomy - 12 days.

The boat has the following main dimensions: maximum length (Lnb) - 12.75 m, length along the vertical line (L) - 11.7 m, width (B) - 3 m, draft (T) - 1.3 m. Speed (V ) reaches 8 knots, or 14.8 km/h. Displacement (D) - 18 tons.

The trawlboat hull is steel, with side keels. V-shaped frames provide the vessel with good seaworthiness and maneuvering qualities. The stem is inclined at an angle of 30°. This form of bow formations helps reduce breakers at the stem and reduces pitching when the ship is in difficult weather conditions. The forecastle prevents waves from flooding the deck, which makes it easier to control the vessel and improves working conditions.

In the stern valance there is one large three-blade propeller, and behind it a balance rudder. The use of a transom stern is due to the desire to obtain a larger area of the aft deck and below-deck spaces. This made it possible to place the engine room in the stern, a large wheelhouse on the deck, and trawl arcs with hanging blocks and guide blocks on the starboard and port sides.

In front of the wheelhouse, in the light hood of the engine room, there is a trawl winch with a mechanical drive from the main engine, which has two drums for the trawl cables (warp) and one pair of turrets. All work on raising and lowering fishing gear is carried out on it. In the middle part of the hull above the fish hold there is a hatch with a small coaming and wooden hatches.

For ease of access to the living quarters, a canopy with round portholes is installed on the forecastle. A mast rises on it, braced to the sides with shrouds, and in the center plane with stays. A stay-stay with a cargo block will be stretched from the mast to the wheelhouse. The cable passing through the latter makes it possible to mechanize bilge work using a trawl winch.

Bollards at the stern and bow are used for mooring and towing operations.

1 - cable lanyard, 2 - forestay, 3 - tubular railing, 4 - side mooring fairlead, 5 - canopy, 6 - living quarters cap, 7 - handrail, 8 - round porthole, 9 - forecastle, 10 - shroud, 11 - mast, 12 - towing light, 13 - masthead light, 14 - taillight, 15 - backstay, 16 - state flag, 17 - cargo block, 18 - cleat, 19 - bulwark, 20 - storm ports, 21 - trawl winch, 22 - chimney, 23 - forestay, 24 - spotlight, 25 - side lights (right - green, left - red), 26 - tail light, 27 - wheelhouse, 28 - trawl arc, 29 - hanging block, 30 - transom, 31 - balance rudder, 32 - three-blade propeller, 33 - guide block, 34 - side block, 35 - central block, 36 - door, 37 - lifebuoy, 38 - buttress, 39 - bollards, 40 - admiralty anchor , 41 - junction box, 42 - fish hatch, 43 - measuring rod.

The general view, details and theoretical drawing of the trawlboat are shown on a scale of 1:50. According to the classification requirements of the USSR Ship Modeling Sports Federation, the model can be built on the scales given in the table.

Paint the model in the following colors: the hull below the waterline, rudder blade, side keels - dark red or dark green; deck, forecastle deck - light brown; wheelhouse, hood on the forecastle, railing and handrails, door, hood wall and forecastle on the deck side - white; mast, trawl arches, cargo block - ivory; spotlight, blocks, trawl winch, chimney, freeboard, bulwark and canopy on the inside - light gray; anchor, bollards - black; lifebuoy - light orange; state flag - red; hammer and sickle and star on the national flag - yellow crown; the hatches and the door in the wheelhouse should be finished to look like wood and varnished; measuring rod - black and white.

*Drift-net- modern nets, interconnected in a so-called “order”: one end is attached to the vessel, the other to the end buoy and is held in a vertical position at a certain depth with the help of floats.

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- Seryoga, work! - the sailor shouts from the deck to the captain on the bridge.

“Run”—work the engine to slightly change the course. We are at sea, on board the small fishing boat “Ladoga”. Coastal longliners are allowed to fish in the narrow 12-mile strip between land and open sea...

Small fishing boat

Finding Ladoga was not easy. At low water - low tide! — the boat was hiding behind the decking of the pier of the Teriberian ship repair workshops. Only the locator pancake gave away the hidden coastal man, and the border guard, who, on duty, came to escort the fishermen to the sea.

“Ladoga” is not impressive in scale: 20 tons of displacement and 20 meters in length, a crew of four people - a captain and three sailors.

to the captain Sergei Dmitriev- 32. He is like his brother Denis, - local, from . Sailors Fedor Kovalev And Valery Vergeichik- Murmansk residents. Balagur and joker Valery in Soviet times would have been the first candidate for a poster for Fisherman’s Day - the dimensions of a heavyweight boxer, when shaking hands, my palm (honestly - rather large) sinks into his hand.

Captain Dmitriev's specialty is... ship's cook. A young vocational school graduate with no experience was not accepted into the big sea and he returned to his native Teriberka, got a job at a fish factory, and started a family (daughter and son). And then he attended the GIMS (State Inspectorate of Small Vessels) courses and became a captain. He also works as a firefighter. When he is on duty, his brother replaces him in the captain's chair.

Murmansk resident Fyodor Kovalev never thought in his life that he would become a sailor. In his youth, he served in some very “cunning” troops (which, keeping his signature, he doesn’t say now) and was banned from traveling abroad for ten years. Then retraining and another “ten”. What kind of seas and foreign countries are there... And he “got crazy” after the persuasion of a friend, the owner of “Ladoga”. Fedora is happy with everything at sea. What about life away from family? So if a strong wind blows, he and Valery jump into the car - and to Murmansk, to their families.

Vergeychik was the only one of the Ladoga residents who had been to distant seas. Since 1990 in the trawl fleet. But then I got tired of it:

-What did I see there? I stood at the roadstead and looked at the desert. Namibia, Mauritania... Well, a call to Santa Cruz, to the Canary Islands... What a call these days - they arrived in the morning and flew away in the evening. You won't have much fun.

Does he like to go for walks? He says, laughing it off: “Vodka? What's the point? It rocks here even without it.” Now would be the perfect time for Valery to whistle, calling up a sea omen for a stormy wind: at the beginning of July, his wife and children returned from vacation to Murmansk. “We haven’t seen each other yet, we just chatted on the phone. I’m waiting for it to blow.”

At the crossing, the captain conducts a state conversation with the head of the committee of the fishery complex of the Murmansk region Oleg Zabolotsky. “State”, because the conversation seems to be about trifles, but concerns topics on which the life of the entire Teriberka and other coastal villages depends.

Previously, everyone in the village could go out to sea on their own boat and catch the norm: 15 kilos of cod per day. Not much, but if you sell it to a local fish factory, it will be a decent contribution to the family budget (work in Teriberka is sparse). So the norm was canceled! Border guards say: catch at least 50 kilos, but without the right to sell.

Captain Sergei Dmitriev. Photo: Lev Fedoseev

"Dot"

First, a small anchor is sent overboard, then a turnip buoy and a pole indicating the beginning of the gear. The tier (the end is as thick as a finger) is laid in portions of 400 meters in 20 baskets. On Ladoga they are called “wallets”.

The line from the stern is cast into the sea: every one and a half meters there are hooks baited with pieces of herring. The tackle in the bags is laid in circles and loops, and a piece of paper is placed under each portion of bait so that the hook does not catch on the end. The paper, of course, gets wet, the bait falls through and a “beard” (confusion) forms. You could use parchment. But it's expensive.

They know how to count money here. “Order” (as 20 “purses” are called here) is equipped on the shore by women from the bait shop. It costs the owner of Ladoga 4 thousand rubles. The bait itself, 90 kilos of herring—another 1,800. Add the cost of fuel, repairs, berth fees, electricity (at moorings the boat is powered from the shore), crew salaries...

The tackle is set, the end is marked with a second pole. Now wait several hours for the sea creatures to hang in garlands (as we would like) on the hooks of the four-mile long line. The sailors go down to the galley. Or should I go to the dining room? I don’t know what to call this tiny room: microwave, two-burner stove, two kettles. TV. The fishermen begin to act like “fools”. They play with excitement, with teasing and comic insults. But somehow it’s not serious - they don’t keep score.

The tiny “Ladoga” is rocking quite a bit in a seemingly calm sea. But we were lucky with the weather: when a strong wind blows, the Ladoga residents are confined to the shore. There are months when, due to bad weather, they make only one flight (“walk”, 12-hour departure). Then the fishermen’s earnings are corresponding - only five thousand. In a good month, up to a dozen “walks” are made.

But, as they say here, fish is a water thing. Sometimes at the “point” they lift three and a half tons, and the next day the “order” can bring only a couple of hundredweight of fish.

- It’s bad that we, coastal residents, have a 12-mile limit - look at the map, they should let you go at least 18 miles, there are such good “holes” there... It would be nice to go fishing in these places...

Sergey is trying to understand why at the same point it is sometimes thick and sometimes empty: maybe changing currents or phases of the moon affect the behavior of the fish? I even went for advice to Murmansk, to the Polar Institute of Scientific Fisheries and Oceanography. Scientists were not pleased: “We don’t study coastal fish.”

Bloopers

We are drifting in sight of the shore. A yellow lighthouse against a blue sky and white foamy waves trying to reach the lighthouse. And in a calm sea the roughness is such that I have time to knock on all the bulkheads with every conceivable part of my body.

On the deck of the Ladoga, Sergei Dmitriev and Oleg Zabolotsky while away the hours of waiting in an unspoken competition - they catch fish by hooking. The captain was noticeably luckier; he had already pulled out three small cod. But now the official (in fact, Zabolotsky is a graduate of the secondary naval school, went to sea at the White Sea state base) takes revenge: he pulls out the haddock, which alone weighs like three captain’s fish.

And it’s time for us to climb the tier - closer to midnight we approached the first pole. “Ladoga residents” raise the anchor (“not getting tangled is a good sign!”), hook the line onto a mechanism with a tricky name like a winch and - off we go! The sea gives up two small haddocks first. And then cod, flounder, and catfish came on board one by one. There were also “stowaways” - crabs, shellfish and a lot of stingrays. They are immediately sent overboard: it is impossible to catch crab, and there is nowhere to put the stingrays (they say they are edible).

The captain was steering the boat at the helm. Vergeychik with a “blunder” (short hook) was the first to meet the fish - “blundered”. Some of the “guests” were unhooked while approaching the winch and either thrown into a box or sent out to sea. He gently grabbed someone from below (without sticking a hook into the fish), as if he was lifting a lady under the elbow into a carriage. Valery explained later: it all depends on how the fish took the hook - deep or not very deep, if only a little - you have to “blurt”, otherwise it will fall off.

When there was a lot of fish, Denis and Fedor began to scrape it with two knives. Entrails and heads fly overboard, and a squadron of seagulls joins the Ladoga in its wake. Real, not loud-mouthed gopniks of Murmansk garbage dumps.

It took more than three hours for the tier to rise. Evil catfish predators. Stubbornly swarming arthropods (“take a photo and go overboard, otherwise the border guards have a lot of paper!”). Cod with bulging eyes due to pressure changes. A sea burbot with a pink bladder bursting from its mouth - because of the same pressure, the burbot liver is asking to come out.

I learned a lot of new words: “mitten” is a small cod fish, “bicycle” is a long skinny fish. We called the largest cod “elephant”. While posing, Denis raised one such “elephant”. Will it pull 20 kilos? Denis grins: no, eight, no more. This is understandable; in the wrong hands the fish is always thicker.

... "Ladoga" climbs its nose onto the wave. The midnight sun on the horizon is trying (but still can’t) to set into the sea. The pitching is neither pitching nor side-to-side – it’s a bumpy motion, all at once, the bot writes out some intricate figure eights in three dimensions at once. I’m standing on the deck, clinging to the bulwark. And the “Ladoga residents” still “blurt”, tearing off fish heads with knives, showing miracles of balance and tightrope walking. A fisherman is some kind of highest and very special stage of human evolution. How would it be in Latin? "Homo maris"? "Homo navalis"?

The tier is raised. The boxes contain 200 kilos of haddock, 100 kilos of cod and fifty kilos of by-catch—flounder and catfish. Not much. But tomorrow will be the fisherman's day again.

The reasoning below is based on my many years (albeit long-standing) experience of performing in class F2 both with my own models (fishing boat and border guard 10410) and with models of other athletes, as well as on analysis of the performances of different athletes with different models at different competitions (including World Championship).

Many ship modellers, having decided to make a radio-controlled copy model, ask themselves the question “which hull shape is preferable?” Being impressed by the words “radio-controlled” and “for a FIGURE course”, they decide to build something short like a tugboat, RIGHTLY believing that a hull with a slight extension is more agile. And they make a mistake (in my opinion).
What is the mistake? The mistake is not in assessing the qualities of the case. Error in assessing model requirements. Of course, a hull with a slight aspect ratio has excellent turning ability. But the thing is that to cover the standard NAVIGA distance for copy models, no special turning is required. On the contrary, course stability is more required. I will try to clarify this statement.
The NAVIGA distance for replica models involves passing through gates in a certain sequence and “mooring” at the dock. There are 12 gates to go through. Of these 12 gates, 10 are passed at full speed without any maneuvers and do not pose any difficulty for a trained “athlete”. To pass these gates and to move from one gate to another, the model requires COURSE STABILITY, so that it does not yaw under the influence of waves or wind, but goes from point to point as if on rails. And only in two cases out of twelve is turning necessary - this is when passing the second peak and in reverse. In both cases, the model's turn is quite effectively accomplished by the motors working against each other. The destroyer model deploys on the spot very well and quickly. This requires powerful motors and well-chosen propellers.
Now regarding the “mooring”. This operation also does not require any special agility. There is no need to smoke on the dock. You need to drive straight into the dock (again, stability on course) and after stopping, turn the bow or stern a little - this, again, is achieved by competent ripping. Razdrai will rotate the model as needed. But it will be more difficult for wind and waves to turn a long model.
From the above, I draw the following conclusion: to successfully complete the current distance, it is better to choose a body with a decent elongation. The lines must be sufficiently seaworthy. The propulsion system must consist of at least two propulsors. The presence of thrusters is a plus (although proper use of the driver allows you to do without them).