Only our own photographs were used - shooting date 09/16/2011
Address: Moscow, Klinskaya st., building 2. Railway station. Khovrino.
Grachevsky Park is part of the Khovrino (Grachevka) estate, located here since the beginning of the 15th century. Khovrino is the property of G. Safarin, nicknamed Khovra. His son Ivan Golov, from whom the Golovin surname came, in 1472, on behalf of Ivan III, supervised the construction of the Assumption Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin.
The park received its modern name after the surnames of the merchants Grachevs, the last owners of the estate (1895-1917).
On the territory of the Khovrino estate there is now Grachevsky Park and the Moscow Regional Hospital for Rehabilitation. The estate itself was founded in 1840-1850.
Known since the first half of the 18th century. Golovin estate, at the end of the 19th century. acquired and renamed by the merchant M.S. Grachev, in two or three years he made the estate unrecognizable: the park was cleared and landscaped, the outbuildings were updated. In 1898-1900 The architect G.A. Kaiser, according to the design of L.N. Kekushev, built a new complex consisting of a main house, an outbuilding, a stable, and a carriage house. At the request of the owner, the casino in Monte Carlo was chosen as the prototype. The abundance of open loggias, terraces, the variety of silhouettes with towers, baroque domes, lush stucco molding and sculpture both on the facades and in the interiors create an original image of the ensemble, unique for Moscow. The manor park (regular linden and landscape with ponds on the Likhoborka River was formed in the 18th - early 19th centuries.
The five-domed Znamenskaya Church was built in 1868-1870. architect M.D. Bykovsky for the then owner Count E.V. Molchanov. The wooden outbuilding and greenhouse probably date back to the same time.
After 1917, a sanatorium was opened in the estate, and in 1940 a hospital was added to the main building. During the Great Patriotic War, a hospital was located here, and today the main house of the estate houses a rehabilitation hospital. Soldiers and officers of the Panfilov Rifle Division are buried in Grachevsky Park.
On the territory of the park there is an abandoned Khovrinskaya hospital, which has become a special attraction of the area, popular among representatives of various movements (Goths, stalkers).
Preservation of the estate: the manor's house, the kitchen outbuilding, the outbuilding, the stable, the carriage house, the greenhouse, the service outbuilding, the Church of the Mother of God of the Sign, the pond, the remains of the park.
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Grachevsky Park |
Pond in Grachevsky Park |
Pond in Grachevsky Park |
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Pond in Grachevsky Park |
Znamenskaya Church |
Znamenskaya Church |
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Outbuilding and carriage house of the Grachevka estate |
manor house |
Decorating a manor house |
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Greenhouse of the Grachevka estate |
Fence of the Grachevka estate |
Grachevsky Park |
Khovrino is not the richest district of Moscow in terms of attractions, except that the famous Khovrinsk hospital immediately comes to mind - a place of pilgrimage for informals and just people who like to play stalkers) But there is at least one more attraction in this area that cannot be ignored and to which In fact, I went - this is the ancient Grachevka estate.
Coming out of the Rechnoy Vokzal metro station, you need to turn right and walk or drive to Klinskaya Street. The estate itself has today turned into the Moscow Regional Hospital for Rehabilitation Treatment.
It’s good that all historical sites should be free to visit by people interested in architecture, history and simply who love such places, but in Russia everything is different, most of such places, especially in Moscow, are given over to the care of the state. services and there are embassies and other places closed to public entry. This is how things are with this estate-hospital, at the entrance there is security who asks who is going where and why? But apparently there is less strict control here than in other places, and my answer was that I from the organization of state architecture completely satisfied them and they let me through.
Patients were walking around the estate; occasionally they glanced sideways at me; apparently it’s not often that a person with a camera invades this peace and quiet) Some lady even threw at me in the back, “As soon as they let him in...”. But I have a question for her: how were they allowed in, but other people were forbidden to look at such beauty? Works of art, including architectural ones, I repeat once again, should be open to everyone!
This is a view of the estate from Klinskaya Street, but from the other side it’s even more interesting, I’ll go there again, but for now I’m starting to look at the facial appearance. There are enough statues in the decoration of the house, for example 4 women do not let the balcony fall.
An elegant spire on a dome.
Turning to history, one can trace that the estate dates back to the 15th century, during which time it has seen a lot...I will especially remember the year 1812, which did not pass by this place and Khovrino was plundered and burned by the French army.
In 1895, after the death of the “wild master” Panov, the estate was acquired by the 1st guild merchant Mitrofan Semenovich Grachev. He once again redesigned and rebuilt the estate. In 1900, on the site of a burned house designed by the outstanding architect L.A. Kekushev built a magnificent palace, the prototype of which was the famous gambling house in Monte Carlo. There were legends that the owner of Khovrin won a fortune in cards. The newly rebuilt estate has since been called Grachevka.
I managed to get inside.
The inside is certainly beautiful, but the presence of a hospital in this place affects it.
The ceilings are beautifully framed.
There is an antique wardrobe right at the entrance.
With no less antique books.
You can go to the top, but I no longer neglected hospitality; after all, this is a closed institution.
M.S. Grachev died in 1899. The owner of the estate until the revolution was his widow Varvara Nikolaevna. In 1918, the Grachevs were expelled from the estate, and the workers' faculty of the Petrovsky Agricultural Academy (the future TSHA) was located in the palace and services. In 1947, the territory of the Grachevka estate and the adjacent park with an area of 32.0 hectares were transferred to the Moscow Regional Clinic of Physical Treatment Methods.
Now let's move on to the most interesting thing - the view of the estate from Zelenogradskaya Street.
On this side the architecture is more varied and interesting; the façade is decorated with numerous sculptures.
The only thing that spoils the impression of the “Monte Charles” estate is the laundry hanging in the windows.
Not many estates can do without a lion)
Or a jug.
Or women) In this case, from ancient times.
Several other buildings have been preserved on the territory of the estate, which have been successfully converted into household use. needs and departments of the hospital.
Several photographs of the estate from previous years have survived. This is what this place looked like in 1901.
There is a small photo selection between 1973 and 1975. It is clear that at this time the estate was desolate. An ideal place to shoot a horror movie.
And finally, greetings from childhood)
Brief historical background
Owners of the estate:
beginning of the 15th century - Grigory Khovra
Second half of the 16th - first half of the 17th century. - Tretyakovs
1646-1682 - steward V.B. Sheremetyev
end of the 17th century - A.V. Golitsyna, A.V. Pronskaya, A.V. Pozharskaya
1700-1758 - Golovins
before 1811 - E.P. Holtstein-Beck (married Princess Baryatinskaya)
1811-1818 - Obolensky
1818-1851 N.A. and G.D. Stolypin
1859-1879 - Molchanovs
1879-1892 - merchant S.E. Panov
1895-1917 - merchants Grachevs
Estate architecture:
the manor house of G.A. Kaiser according to the design of L.N. Kekushev was built under the Grachevs.
Location of the estate, travel:
Moscow, st. Klinskaya, 2
From M. River Station bus. No. 188 to the "Hospital" stop
Preservation of the estate:
The master's house, kitchen outbuilding, outbuilding, stables, carriage house, greenhouse, service outbuilding, Church of the Mother of God (current), park.
The manor house, the prototype of which was the casino in Monte Carlo, was built according to the design of the outstanding architect L.A. Kekushev in 1900 under the last owners of the Grachev estate. There are legends that the owner of the estate in Khovrino, merchant Mitrofan Semenovich Grachev, made his colossal fortune playing cards and roulette in one of the most expensive casinos in Monte Carlo.
That’s why he decided to style his property as a famous gambling house. So in Khovrino, on the banks of the Likhoborka River, a luxurious palace in Western European style grew up.
Park façade:
Side façade:
Main facade:
The name of the estate “Grachevka” was fixed only under the last owners; before that there was another name - “Khovrino”, the history of which dates back to the beginning of the 15th century. At that time, the Sourozh merchant Stefan, nicknamed Komra, came to Moscow. His son was also nicknamed Komra, or Khovra, and his grandson already had the surname Khovrin. We do not know who was the first of them at the beginning of the 15th century to take possession of the estate on the Likhoborka River, but it is known that at the end of the 16th century a church was built here in the name of the Great Martyr George. It was built by Stefan's descendant Vasily Tretyakov-Khovrin. This church was burned by apostates during the Time of Troubles.
The Tretyakovs owned the estate until the first half of the 17th century. Then the owners changed: 1646-1682 - steward V.B. Sheremetyev, end of the 17th century. - A.V. Golitsyna, A.V. Pronskaya, A.V. Pozharskaya, 1700-1758. - Golovins.
In 1700, Khovrino, by decree of Peter I, was donated to his associate, Field Marshal Count Fyodor Alekseevich Golovin, a descendant of the Khovrins. After the death of the count, the village was inherited by his widow Sofya Nikitichna, who built the stone Church of the Sign on the old Khovrinsky churchyard.
The Golovins laid the foundations for the regular axial layout of the Khovrino estate, planted a linden park and a “fertile garden”. The estate was flanked on both sides by rural streets. The church stood to the right of the manor's buildings, on the banks of the Likhoborka River, surrounded by a cemetery where local peasants were buried from the end of the 15th century.
In 1811, the estate was acquired by Prince Obolensky. Soon the Patriotic War began, which did not bypass Khovrino. In 1812, the estate was burned and the temple was desecrated. Unable to restore the burnt estate, Obolensky sold it in 1818 to N.A. and G.D. Stolypin, who changed the terrain (a long, wide pond appeared on Likhoborka), built a new house.
Years passed, owners changed. Stolypins (1818-1851), Zhemchuzhnikovs (1851-59)…
When the Nikolaevskaya railway cut the estate park, the way was opened for summer residents to Khovrino . Peasants turned into gardeners, cab drivers, workers at a neighboring factory and “cast iron workers”. But the estate was preserved without falling into the hands of resellers.
And when in 1859 the Moscow manufacturer Evgraf Vladimirovich Molchanov became the owner, estate blossomed. Molchanov lived and built on a grand scale. Journalist A. Yartsev wrote about the construction of the estate under him in “Moscow Walks”: “In an almost bare but beautiful place, thanks to beautiful ponds and a river, a park was laid out. Huge trees of different species were brought here in troikas: cedars, fir, larch, pine trees, poplars, all kinds of shrubs, etc. Flower beds were full of flowers, beautiful gazebos, bridges, grottoes grew. The huge three-story house was redecorated, and several new outbuildings were built... A large farm was established, utility services and a water pump were built." Molchanov rebuilt the estate, inviting a famous architect to Khovrino. It was decided to demolish the old temple on the shore of the pond. For the construction of the new church, Bykovsky chose a dry, elevated place, now this is the turn from Klinskaya street to Festivalnaya. It is documented: the project for the construction of a new church was signed by Bykovsky on May 14, 1868.
Molchanov did not live to see the opening of the church; he died in 1869. In 1879, his widow, Elizaveta Iosifovna, sold the estate, but continued to take care of the Znamenskaya Church.
The temple, despite its small size, did not look like an ordinary rural church. The appearance of the temple merged the features of Moscow Baroque, Italian Renaissance, and Byzantine ornament. The high quadrangle on the basement is completed with an octagon, which is surrounded by four bell towers. The five domes of the temple are crowned with gilded domes. The facades were decorated with a white stone arched frieze. The axes of the facades are accentuated by four high reliefs with images of the Mother of God ("The Sign"), the Savior, Nicholas the Wonderworker and Molchanov's heavenly patron - the martyr Evgraf. The western porch with a Venetian window and arcade resembled the galleries of the Ivanovo Monastery, which Bykovsky built in the same years.
When was the railway platform built? Khovrino , these places have become a real dacha place. Molchanovsky dachas were rented by the wealthier public, and petty officials, artists, and intellectuals lived in rural houses in the summer.
In 1895, the estate was acquired by the merchant of the first guild, Mitrofan Semenovich Grachev. The new owner once again redesigned and rebuilt the estate. It was under him that the current manor house appeared. Since then, the name Grachevka has been assigned to the newly rebuilt estate. M.S. Grachev died in 1899. The owner of the estate until the revolution was his widow Varvara Nikolaevna.In 1918, the Grachevs were expelled from the estate, and the workers' faculty of the Petrovsky Agricultural Academy (the future TSHA) was located in the palace and services.
Since 1928, a sanatorium was located on the territory of the estate. During the war, the building housed a hospital.
Since 1947, a rehabilitation hospital has been located in the main house of the estate. The church building was completely abandoned for a long time, then it housed a warehouse. And only in 1991 the Church of the Icon of the Mother of God “The Sign” was returned to the believers and parish life in Khovrino was revived. The restoration of the temple lasted a whole decade, and now it has acquired its original appearance. The belfries have domes and gilded crosses.
During the time Grachev owned the estate, dacha life flourished in Khovrin. It was a favorite vacation spot for writers, artists, and poets. On September 28, 1897, the poet Valery Bryusov and Ioanna Runt were married in the Church of the Sign. Inviting his then-fiancée Runt to the wedding, Bryusov, as always intriguing and mystifying, remarked: “And we will get married in Monte Carlo itself...” Ioanna Runt: “How is that possible? Did you speak at the Temple of the Sign in Khovrino?” Bryusov: “Near Moscow there is a “gambling resort”, and there is a church there...” This is approximately what the dialogue between Valery Bryusov and Ioanna Runt looked like. And the “gambling resort” is the beautiful Grachevka estate with the Temple of the Sign.
City dwellers consider garden and park complexes and squares to be especially valuable places, where they can relax their souls from the endless bustle and enjoy the beauty of nature without leaving the metropolis. The small Grachevsky Park in Khovrino is a secluded Moscow corner with a rich history, allowing you to breathe fresh air and have fun on the rides.
Khovrino Estate (Grachevka)
The Khovrino estate, part of which is now occupied by Grachevsky Park, was first mentioned in the 15th century. The Khovrin boyars, having built the estate, owned it for two hundred years. Then the estate passed from one owner to another. The Sheremetyevs, Golovins, Obolenskys and other famous Russian families lived in it.
In 1895, the estate was acquired by merchant M. S. Grachev. Under Mitrofan Semyonovich, the estate will reach unprecedented prosperity. It will transform his appearance beyond recognition. Grachev will instruct L.N. Kekushev to develop a project for an estate complex, including a manor house with several buildings for different purposes. And he will entrust the construction of the estate to the architect G. A. Kaiser.
The merchant, being a passionate roulette player, wants to build a new mansion on the estate in the image and likeness of the casino in Monte Carlo. The manor's stone house is perfectly preserved; visitors to the park admire its architecture. According to Grachev’s idea, the park surrounding the house was improved, and outbuildings were built on the estate - an outbuilding, stables and a carriage house.
With the advent of Soviet power, the estate was seized from the Grachev family and a sanatorium was placed in it. Since then, the manor house with an abundance of sculptures, loggias and terraces, lush stucco moldings, towers with different silhouettes, and baroque domes has been given over exclusively to medical institutions. During the Great Patriotic War, a hospital operated there.
Nowadays, a rehabilitation treatment center operates in the ensemble in an unusual manner unique to Moscow. The original baroque building is separated from the park by a fence. Visitors are not allowed into the medical complex.
Description of the park
Grachevsky Park is divided into two zones - regular and landscape. The regular park is formed by shady compositions of oaks and larches. The landscape part extends along the Likhoborka River, enclosed in a collector. The existence of the river is only reminiscent of a large pond with houses for ducks, for which it is the source of food.
The park has a field for playing football. It has attractions and a dog walking area. In winter, Grachevsky Park is lined with ski tracks. Mostly residents from the Khovrino microdistrict walk, relax and play sports here.
Znamenskaya Church
The five-domed church in Grachevsky Park attracts special attention from visitors. The construction of the church in 1868-1870 was carried out by M. D. Bykovsky. He carried out the instructions of the owner of the estate, Count E.V. Molchanov. Subsequently, the church was rebuilt more than once. Once it suffered a fire and was left without domes. The restoration of the temple was completed in 2005. Now prayers are held there.
Burial of Panfilov heroes
Grachevsky Park became the burial place of soldiers and officers who fought as part of the 8th Guards Rifle Division under the command of Major General I. Panfilov. In 1941, soldiers defended the approaches to Moscow. They defended the most difficult segment on the front line - the Volokolamsk direction.
The soldiers, at the cost of their own lives, stopped the Nazi attack, destroying about two dozen tanks. Each of them was awarded the title “Hero of the Soviet Union” posthumously. Flowers are constantly brought to the obelisk of heroically fallen soldiers.
Khovrinskaya hospital
Hospital buildings began to be built on the territory that belonged to the park in 1980. In 1985, construction of the hospital was stopped. Possible reasons include the cessation of funding and the mistake of geologists who did not consider it necessary to take into account that the site allocated for construction is located in a wetland. Indeed, the rooms in the basements and on the first floor of the building are flooded.
Muscovites consider the hospital a mystical place. It was popularly nicknamed “Umbrella” because the top view of the building is similar to the logo of the corporation of the same name created for the game “Resident Evil.” Muscovites also nicknamed it “Nemostor”. The same name was given to a satanic sect that conducted ritual ceremonies in an unfinished building.
The walls of which are completely covered with graffiti, has become a haven for representatives of different subcultures. Goths, stalkers and other people representing all sorts of movements flock here.
How to get there?
Grachevsky Park is located in Khovrino. How to get to Klinskaya Street, where the natural site is located? Buses No. 65, 65f, 745 and minibuses No. 251m, 600m, 615m, 89m go to the Klinskaya stop complex. From distant places you can get to the park by commuter train, going to the Khovrino station.
For over 40 years since the development of the area, parking lots have been located on the territory of the Leningradsky district - on the corner of Festivalnaya Street, leading to the Rechnoy Vokzal metro station, and Zelenogradskaya, bringing passengers to the Khovrino station. The garages were built on the territory of former military warehouses, bordering as a fence a church with a Sunday school and the Grachevka estate, which was a hospital during the war. These green buildings protect the area from the busy transport arteries along which the life of the three districts is in full swing.
The exit from the north-eastern expressway onto Festivalnaya Street flew in like an iron wedge of the Moscow-St. Petersburg highway project, splitting a single, integral space of life amid loud fanfares about connectedness. At the same time, the indigenous residents and users of 22 garage parking lots did not want to ask - is there a need to make another link? With incomprehensible persistence, crossings across the Oktyabrskaya Railway, imposed every 2.5 kilometers, are designed in such a way that the construction of the internal Moscow Ring Road through residential areas clearly looms.
No one wanted to ask questions about whether there was a need to build an elevated level of the North-Eastern Highway along Zelenogradskaya Street - since it does not hang in the air, but is built on supports, confiscating intra-district roads. And where the cars will ultimately end up parked, other than in their own yards in a densely built-up area - all these problems hang in the air like an insoluble sword of Damocles. There is only one conclusion: the cars will be located on the intra-block road network. This is the decision that is obvious to any resident of the area - including residents of Klinskaya Street, to which regular buses were transferred and vehicles were moved after the garages along the railway were vacated in accordance with the instructions of the construction department.
I would like to note the successes of the capital’s authorities in the field of interaction with citizens, expressed in regular attacks on functioning parking lots, the territory of which (for the construction of a highway exit that is harmful to the area) is required to allocate only part of the garage spaces, and then for 11 months. But it is in our region that rare impatience and uncompromisingness reaches its apogee and shifts the centuries-old layer of life of citizens with their interests to nowhere. In other words, it is necessary to liberate their territory here and now, without offering anything in return, while in the area there is a hospital territory on Klinskaya Street, abandoned for years, criminalized for years, which on December 4, 2012 was sold at the starting price for bidding - 1.795 billion rubles without being offered to numerous car owners as compensation. http://www.m24.ru/articles/7989
Two neighboring districts will also show special gratitude, towards which all problems have shifted due to the adoption of Moscow government decree No. 818 of December 25, 2012 during the planned mayoral elections. Apparently, citizens are not the land item of expenditure that the city authorities envisaged in this century...