Water resources
The area is literally cut by small but clean mountain rivers and streams that create picturesque cascades of waterfalls. The Kuban River flows through the region, on which the Fedorovsky and Tikhovsky hydroelectric complexes were built. The river system is formed by mountain rivers, the largest being the Abin River. Varnavinskoye and Kryukovskoye reservoirs, the waters of which are used for growing rice. The entire area is lined with a system of discharge and connecting canals, the Fedorovsky Main Canal, the Afipsky collector, the Kryukovsky discharge canal. There are 3,087 hectares under water, including 474 hectares under ponds. The water resources of the Abinsk region are represented by almost all of them - lakes, rivers, reservoirs, ponds, mineral springs, springs. Pond fish farming is developing in the area, on the road to the village. In Varnavinskoe, a complex for growing sturgeon and trout was built [Akimchenkov, 2008].
There are 13 rivers in the region, including the Kuban: Abin, Bugundyr, Akhtar, Kuafo, Khabl, Zybza, Aushed, Mingrelka, Adegoy, Sosnovaya, etc. The main water artery of the region is the Abin River, the right tributary of the river. Adagum. Originates from the ridge. Kotsekhur, flows through the Abinsk region, flows into the reservoir. Varnavinskoe. In the upper waters it is clean and swift. During the flood, muddy streams sweep away everything in their path. Within the city limits of Abinsk it is calm. Length - 81 km, sq. basin 484 km 2. The water of the Abin River and its tributaries has high and medium mineralization. On the Khabl River - 35 km long. Located st. Kholmskaya. In the lower reaches there are two branches: one flows into the Sukhoi Aushedz, the second (drying up) into the floodplains of the river valley. Kuban, southeast of the village. Varnavinskoe. The terrain has not undergone any major changes over the past 150 years. Only the character of the region's main river, the Abin River, has changed. Massive logging and intensive removal of gravel from the banks and from the riverbed itself left their mark on it. Many springs have disappeared, the river has become shallow, the bottom is heavily silted, especially over the last 40 years. The river flows into the Varnavinskoye Reservoir” In winter and spring there are floods [Mamas, 2011].
The Akhtyr River begins on the northern slopes of the Black Sea ridge. It pours its waters into the swampy floodplain of the river. Kuban, southeast of the village of Varnavinskoye. Length 30 km.
The Scobido River originates on the northern spurs of the Main Caucasus Range near the Babich Pass. Along the river along its entire length there is a road from Aderbievka to Shapsugskaya and a power line. The river has no large tributaries, so throughout its entire length it is quite shallow, only in some places there are holes up to a meter deep. Not far from the village of Shapsugskaya, the Skobido flows into the Adegoi River, which is a tributary of the Abin.
River water is used mainly by agricultural production and public utilities - for irrigation, for filling household, fire-fighting ponds, ponds for fish reproduction, for organizing recreation [Report on the state and protection..., 2014].
On the territory of the Abinsk region there are lakes: Lesnoye, 6 km south of Abinsk, and Akhtyrskoye in the valley of the river. Akhtyr, small lakes between the Mingrelka and Sosnovaya rivers.
Ponds x. Vasilievsky, H. Pokrovsky are famous for their lotus flowers. An attractive hunting place - the steppe reservoir of the Borisenkovsky estuary is replenished by springs, does not lose the level and freshness of the water, lilies bloom there throughout the year, and there is a lot of game (ducks, geese, swans) [Lotyshev, 2007].
There are many springs in the Abinsk region. More than six dozen of them are known within the borders of the Abinsk region. Not all springs are known local residents, got on the map. Unfortunately, every fourth spring today is in a deplorable state and is gradually depleted. And only a few of them, mainly in hayfields and near hunting lodges, are constantly maintained in good condition and maintain normal water regime. Many springs are located in the upper reaches of mountain gorges and form streams flowing in these gorges. Others wedge out from banks, rivers and streams and constantly feed them. But there are also those that are located in seemingly random places and either flow into small lakes or, having no flow, form wetlands. The names are Silver Spring, a spring with living and dead water, and closer to the station. Erivanskaya - Sacred spring. Many Abinsk residents also remember the Morozov spring (or, as it was often called, the spring of Grandfather Frost). It is located halfway from Abinsk to Shapsugskaya behind the Pine Grove tourist center, next to the road. Now there is complete desolation, and the spring is living out its last days. It is impossible not to note a whole group of springs in the Razdera tract, where the Udegey River flows into Adegoy [Tikhomirov, 1987].
In the flat part of the area there are 2 reservoirs: Kryukovskoye and Varnavinskoye and a connecting canal - a favorite place for fishermen (Figure 3). The Varnavinskoe reservoir is located 10 km west of Abinsk, on the former Abinsk estuary. The area of the water mirror is 45 km 2, the capacity is 40 million m 3, intended for the accumulation of flood waters of Abin, Adagum, Psebeps, which previously overflowed and swamped the floodplain of the river. Kuban. It is used for irrigation of lands in the Abinsk and Crimean regions.
The Kryukovsky discharge canal is located in the eastern part of the Trans-Kuban region near Kh. Mikhailovsky. Area 43 km 2, capacity 111 million m 3. Designed to accumulate flood waters from mountain rivers: Il, Khabl, Akhtyr, Bugundyr, which previously overflowed.
Mineral springs, which have extremely valuable medicinal value, occupy a special place in recreational resources. Groundwater reserves have not been fully explored. The aquifers are loams, fine-grained to mixed-grained quartz sands, often with inclusions of pebbles, occurring in the form of interlayers with a thickness of 1 to 20 m. The number of such interlayers varies from 2-3 to 6-7. The total thickness of aquifers varies from 1 to 52 m with a maximum thickness of the aquifer complex of 120 m. The depth of the aquifer complex varies from 0.2 to 40 m. Self-outflow of water is very rarely observed. TO water resources This also includes a source of iodine-bromine water in the village of Akhtyrskoye [Report on the state of environmental management..., 2012]. The location of the water bodies of the Abinsk region, which were mentioned earlier, is shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3 - Schematic map of water bodies of the Abinsk region
It's November and the good days for fishing are coming to an end - there are rains and winds ahead. And as confirmation of the above, in strict accordance with the computer forecast, the day before the planned departure, on Saturday morning the autumn rain began to fall, but by the evening it stopped for a while, and then it started pouring again, but not for so long. But, despite all these ups and downs, I didn’t want to postpone the planned fishing trip, so I decided to go. And where - the morning is wiser than the evening, especially since I wanted to visit two bodies of water that I had not been to for a long time.
The morning I left the house was greeted by dried asphalt and starry sky. I got into my car and hit the road. Approaching the fork in Abrau or Krymsk, I thought for a minute, but still the river tipped the scales and the decision was made to go on. The ascent to the Wolf Gate pass greeted me with fog and tedious drizzle. This fog and drizzle, with rare breaks, accompanied me all the way to Krymsk. And already at the turn to the river from the highway, this fog remained to the side and I approached the place of the intended fishing spot in clear weather. By this time it had long since dawned, but there was no sun, as it was hidden by high, dense clouds.
Having approached the bridge over Abinka in front of the Vesely farm, I saw cars on the side of the road, and fishermen near the river, waiting for a bite. This cheered me up a little - it means I’m not the only one who is so restless. Looking at the river, I found low level waters and slightly different shore contours, compared to what I remembered from my previous fishing trip about a year ago at this place. The slippery mess that the top layer of the dirt road turned into after the rain discouraged us from making our way in our non-all-wheel drive vehicle through the Mova farm to the reservoir dam and along it to the mouth of this very river. But there was also no particular desire to fish near the bridge itself.
| r.Abin. View from the bridge. |
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| Distance traveled |
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| Fatal descent. |
This was my fatal mistake. Before jumping at it, you had to walk through it, weigh the pros and cons, and only then make the right decision - to move backwards. But I ignored all this and immediately dove headfirst into the pool - I slid down onto this slippery clay road and at the bottom ran into a transverse rut from the second road and... “sat down.” I could no longer get back up on my own. How, in principle, to turn into second, overcoming a couple of deep ruts. Colleagues passing by finally helped me turn onto this road and I drove... 30 meters to get back into the rut. Here the second group of guys helped me, but again not for long. Now I had completely sat down, but the worst thing was ahead - a wet, muddy dirt road with such ruts that I could not drive on my own. As a result, a “wise” decision was made... to go to the village to get a tractor. I will not describe my adventures in search of a tractor on this Sunday, when no one is working, so as not to bore the reader.
I will only say that after some three hours my “swallow” was pulled out of the mud captivity by a kind uncle driver in just a “Niva”-2114, and without much effort.
To all these people who helped me in retrieving my car, I would like to express my deep gratitude for their responsiveness! But my mood was already spoiled, my nerves were pretty frayed, and I didn’t really want to do anything anymore. And, so that the trip would not be completely useless, I decided to “plop down” to fish not far from the location of the car - only about two hundred meters from the bridge downstream.
Having gone down to the river, I walked a little along the bank in search of a suitable hole and, coming out from behind the bushes, I saw anglers fishing in a decent hole.
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| On the river. My neighbours. |
After asking permission, I decided to fish next to them. Moreover, as soon as I approached, the man pulled out a small crucian carp. Gradually, communication with a neighbor, the gentle autumn sun peeking out from behind a cloud, the beauty of the surrounding nature and the bite of crucian carp warmed my soul and lifted my spirits. And it didn’t matter that the size of the fish caught was small; fishing began to give me pleasure. Moreover, I was fishing with the Diamond-6311 float rod that I loved so much from my last trip, however, now I had to use a height of 5.40 in order to cast further into the holes under the opposite bank. The rod behaved impeccably: feeling every beat of a fish weighing up to one hundred grams, it did not struggle for very long with a specimen weighing three hundred grams. I lifted the fish and water with my hands, standing ankle-deep in water in my boots, so I had to tire it out so that it wouldn’t flutter in my hands. The equipment used was an “Exper” float of 2 grams in the form of an inverted drop on the main fishing line 0.143 Trabucco Match Strong, with hook No. 14 Gamakatsu on a leash made of fishing line 0.121 of the same company and a “Rat Tail” weight. My only regret was that for this trip I did not have time to make a rig with the same float for size 6.30, since almost always after casting the rig I had to hold the rod at arm’s length for some time. But what's interesting is that it wasn't tedious. A dung worm was used as bait, everything else was rejected. No bait was used, as I fished by moving from one hole to another - and the fish bit, if not on every retrieve, then on every second.
After one of the postings, I noticed how in the holes under the opposite bank, first opposite me, and then upstream after a splash of water, small things scattered like a fan. So I thought: “This is not enough for me yet. The predator is at work. I wonder who?” The neighbors began to cast bait, some to throw live bait, but there was no bite. But on my next swim in a hole, the float suddenly dived sharply under the water and went to the side. “Isn’t it a pike by chance?” a thought flashed through my head. Out of habit, I hooked and felt an elastic weight at the other end of the line, which at first resisted somewhat for the sake of decency, and then dragged to the side, pulling the line like a string so that the rod, humming pitifully, bent into an arc not only with the upper two knees, but with the whole with a form. But this did not last long, because the next moment the rig flew out of the water with a released arrow... without a hook. Bringing the stub of fishing line closer to my eyes, I saw that the leash had been cut off a centimeter above the hook, like a razor. “Toothy,” I thought at that moment; I had no chance of coping with her with a leash of 0.12. But I wasn't too upset. Having tied the leash, I continued to catch my crucian carp.
At around 16:00 it was decided to finish fishing, as there was still a long way home ahead. By that time, my neighbors had been gone for an hour, but new fishermen were arriving at the evening dawn. The river continued to live its own life. In the end, I still brought home almost two and a half kilograms of crucian carp, the largest of which turned out to be almost three hundred grams. I gave most of it to friends. And I fried some of it and ate it myself. But this is not the main thing, what is more important is the charge of vivacity received from contact with beautiful nature, the pleasure of fighting with fish, even if not large, but caught with thin, sensitive gear.
P.S. Imagine my surprise, mixed with a feeling of annoyance, when a man who came up just before leaving from fishing told me the news that he and his friend today caught good crucian carp almost at the mouth of the Abinka, having driven there in an ordinary Zhiguli car of the sixth model.
Abin - river in Krasnodar region, originates from the northern slopes of the Kotsekhur ridge, flows into the Varnavinsky discharge canal (basin of the Kuban river). The origin of the name hydronym is not fully understood. Perhaps it goes back to the ancient Meotian ethnikon - the Abuns, who inhabited these places. The regional center, Abinsk, is also named after the river (the Abin fortress was built in 1835). It can also be assumed that the name of the toponym contains the Abkhazian abny - “forest” or abaa - “fortress” (Abkh.)
Yenabin tsad - mountain lake in North Ossetia; located in the vicinity of the village of Dzuarikau. Hydronym is translated from Ossetian as “bottomless lake”
ABIN - right tributary of the river Adagum, 81 km long. It originates on the northern spurs of the Kotsekhur ridge. Currently it flows into the Varnavinskoye Reservoir. Adyghe form Abyn. The etymology of the word is ambiguous. Can be compared with the Abkhazian abna -, there is a similar Turkic root ab, meaning. There is another suitable Abkhaz word abaa - . According to archaeologists, the name of the river comes from the word abun, the name of a Meotian tribe. The Abin River gave its name to the city of Abinsk and the Abinsk region, as well as one of the peaks of the Kotsekhur ridge, 728.5 m high
ABINSK - city and regional center, founded on the site of the Abinsk fortification, built in 1834; in 1854 the Abinsk fortification was abandoned. In 1863, the village of Abinskaya was founded on this site, which in 1962 was transformed into a workers’ settlement. A year later, in 1963, it received the status of a city, which was located on the banks of the Abin River, which gave the name to the settlement. The etymology of the name is ambiguous. According to archaeologists, the river got its name from the word - one of the Meotian tribes (Meotians - the general name of the tribes of the Eastern and Northern Azov region of the early Iron Age). Meots - literally translated into modern language means. The term comes from ancient name Sea of Azov- Meotida - Meotida. Some people compare the hydronym with the Abkhazian - or -; others see the basis of the name as Turkic - . There is also a comparison of the name of the river with the name ancient city Abunis, noted on the maps of Ptolemy.
LABINSK - A city on the right bank of the Laba River, a regional center. He grew up from the village of Labinskaya, founded in 1841 under the protection of the Makhoshevsky fortification (1840-1846), named after one of the Adyghe tribes (), who lived on the opposite bank of the Laba (see: Bush N. A. Description and main results of the third trip to the North-West Caucasus in 1889, Izvestia of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society. T. 36. St. Petersburg. 1890, p. 227-238). The Russian name of the city is derived from the Laba River using a very productive word-forming suffix (). Special literature indicates that in Adyghe this area (and who grew up here locality) are called - cat house. (Kokov J.N. Adyghe (Circassian) toponymy. Nalchik. 1974, p. 90).
LABINSK - city, regional center; founded as the village of Labinskaya in 1841; in 1947 it was transformed into a city; since 1965 - regional subordination. The city received its name from the Laba River, on the right bank of which it is located. There is no consensus on the history of the origin of the hydronym Laba: from the Adyghe proper name; from ancient Iranian - white; from Indo-European - to flow; from Indo-European - river; from ancient Turkic - monster, dragon; from Persian - shore; from Nogai - the source of the river; from Abkhazian - lowland pastures; from Yakut - branch, source of a river; in Chuvash - hollow, lowland; in Svan (a nationality in Georgia) - source; there is speculation as to what the name of the river means.
UST-LABINSK - city, regional center, founded as the village of Ust-Labinskaya (Ustlaba) in 1794; in 1958 it was transformed into a city. It is located on the right bank of the Kuban River, opposite the confluence of the left tributary of the Laba River. Ust-Labinsk is located at the confluence of the most big rivers Krasnodar region: Kuban and its left tributary Laba. The first part of the city name is an abbreviation of the word - i.e. the place where a river flows into another river, lake, sea. In this case, there is a discrepancy, because the city is located not at the mouth of the Laba River, but opposite it. The city got its name from the river. Labe (see article).
See general. I fished from September 15 to 16 daily in the evenings in the Abin River in my free time. During 4 fishing trips, about 60 chubs were caught (I lost count) weighing from 40 grams. (7-8 cm) up to 625 gr. (37 cm). The bulk of the fish caught were specimens up to 150 grams. The chub dominates the river both as a predator and in general. With the exception of 8 small barbel (80-100 grams) caught on shallow riffles and 3 perches from one hole, I did not observe any other fish in the river. I had my doubts about the longhorned beetle, so called by the locals. Most likely this is a subspecies of chub, since it differed from the ordinary one, which makes up the bulk of the catch, only in the details of color (darker, but with a black border along the edge of the caudal fin), a more elongated snout with a smaller mouth, but the number of scales in the lateral line is almost the same with common chub. Most likely, this is some kind of Caucasian subspecies of the common chub, although it is possible that it really is a barbel (see photo).
I have never seen such chub fishing in my practice. Small things were literally swarming in the water, but locally. It was possible to walk 50-100 m and not see anything living in the water (the polar explorers scanned the entire bottom), and then catch about 4-6 fish from a spot. The clear favorites were the translucent A-elita A-Crank 30F (about 40 chubs and 2 barbel), reminiscent of Kamion in its geometry. After his blade broke (I was freeing it from a snag on a tree), Z.B became the favorite on the last fishing trip. Rigge 30F (approx. 20 chub, 3 perch and one minnow), the same translucent silver color (color no. 820 Ayu). Chabik 38 was silent on the first day (there was only one poke), and then there was no need for him. The rest of the chub vobs did not go into battle: they do not seek goodness from goodness...
Mountain river (see photo), depth 0.2-0.4 m in the riffles and up to 1.5 m in the holes. Transparency up to 70 cm, even despite short rains. The chub was caught in different places: The small ones were caught in the rapids of shallow water, and the large ones, although rarely, were caught in the depths with a pronounced current (only rare pokes in the stand). The local chub was not pleased with its characteristic bite with a blow and violent resistance - it hung or was caught with a light strike. When playing, even a 37-cm specimen behaved sluggishly. After he bit, I thought that the fish had completely disappeared, until under his feet he moved to the side with a squeal of the clutch, but quickly allowed himself to pull himself together (I was wading in overalls. I actually caught two fishing trips from the shore, without losing a single bait on the hooks ( they simply weren’t there - the bottom was clean except for the boulders).
All fish, with the exception of the 15 largest chubs taken only on one day, were released back. The river is great! I wish I could look at it in June, when large fish are caught in the upper reaches, rising to spawn and sliding down after procreation.
Abin- a river in the Krasnodar region of Russia, the right tributary of the Adagum (Kuban River basin).
Tourism
Jeep excursions are offered in the river valley, and fishing is active. In the Abin region, the number of tourists has increased significantly after increasing interest in the culture of the Circassians and Shapsugs.
Story
Shapsug tribes began to settle in the river area from the second millennium BC, leaving behind many dolmens that have survived to this day. The largest group is located on the bank of an unnamed stream flowing into the Kruchenaya Shchel gorge.
In the 1830s, fortifications were built on the sites of the modern villages of Shapsugskaya and Erivanskaya, as well as the city of Abinsk, which in 1863 would be populated by Cossacks. When relocating families, the government thought that the Abin River would be a good source of irrigation for cultivated lands, but farming in this area turned out to be difficult; in 1865, residents of Erivanskaya even wrote a letter to Yekaterinodar asking for resettlement.
Geography
The Abin River originates from the Kotsekhur ridge. In the upper reaches there is a fast river with clear water. At the village of Erivanskaya it merges with the Mikhale (Erivanka) River, after which it slowly flows through a wide gorge. In this section, a dirt road runs along the river from Erivanskaya to Shapsugskaya. At the village of Shapsugskaya it receives on the left its main tributary Adegoy, as well as the small river Shaparka. Further, without receiving large tributaries, the river flows through Abinsk and flows into the Varnavinskoye Reservoir, becoming a tributary of the Adagum River.
Below the village of Erivanskaya the river is muddy and highly susceptible to floods.
Etymology
There are several versions of the origin of the toponym. According to one version, “abin” comes from the Abkhazian “abna” - forest. It is also widely believed that the name of the river comes from the name of the Meotian tribe Abun. Also, “abaa” in Abkhaz means “fortress”. In addition, the Turkic language has the root “ab”, meaning river, water.
The Abin River gave its name to the city of Abinsk - the center of the Abinsk region and one of the peaks of the Kotsekhur ridge.