Where is Khujand in which country. Khujand city - the cultural center of Tajikistan

The city of Khujand is located in the north of Tajikistan, in the picturesque valley of the Syrdarya River. Modern Khujand is the largest cultural and industrial-industrial center of Northern Tajikistan. In addition, it is considered the second largest in the republic in terms of population.

Khujand is the most ancient city of Tajikistan. According to historical data, it was founded during the time of Alexander the Great, about 2500 years ago. Now, it is a cozy city with many parks and squares, very hospitable people. The Syrdarya, a river flowing through the city center, is considered a great place to relax and swim. By the way, Khujand is the only city built on this river.

The main attraction of Khujand is the Panjshanbe city bazaar - one of the most famous and largest covered markets in Central Asia. In translation from Tajik "panchshanbe" means Thursday, it was on this day that there was the most turbulent trade before. Near the bazaar there is a magnificent architectural monument - Sheikh Muslikhiddin's mosque-mausoleum. Guests of Khujand can visit the city park named after Kamola Khujandi and the fortress located next to it. The famous Museum of Archeology is located on its territory.

Coordinates: 40.29000200,69.63300700

Khujand fortress

The Khujand fortress is a historical and architectural landmark of the city of Khujand, associated with the liberation struggle of the Tajik people under the leadership of the commander Temurmalik. According to the data received from the North-Tajik archaeological complex expedition, the fortress was part of the fortification system of the city and was built in the 6th-5th centuries BC.

During the invasion of Genghis Khan, about 25,000 soldiers were sent to siege the city, as well as 50,000 Central Asian prisoners. The courageous defense of the Khujand fortress, as well as the island located nearby, is one of the brightest pages in the history of the struggle of the people of Tajikistan.

In the VI-VII centuries, a new one was erected on the site of the ancient Khujand fortress; it was considered one of the most fortified in Central Asia. At the beginning of the 15th century, the citadel was completely destroyed as a result of the Mongol invasion and lay in ruins for a long time. According to historical data, it was restored at the end of the 16th century and was the seat of a wealthy local ruler.

Currently, it has been completely restored; the Historical Museum of the Sughd Region is located here.

Coordinates: 40.28516100,69.61847300

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Masjidi Jami Mosque

One of the many attractions of the Tajik city of Khujand is the beautiful cathedral Mosque of Masjidi Jami, built in 1512-1513. This building is a magnificent example of the interpenetration of the construction culture of Central Asia and decorative arts. Tourists are impressed by the local openwork 30-column iwan - a vaulted room enclosed on those sides by a wall. It adjoins the eastern wall of the mosque, its two middle columns are decorated with carvings, some of them have preserved the remains of painting.

The walls of the Masjidi Jami are covered with beautiful carvings, mainly of geometric motifs. The doors of the winter hall of the mosque are also distinguished by fine and graceful carvings. In the northeastern part of the monastery, there is a traditional minaret with a wonderful domed lantern and arched openings, from which a beautiful panorama of the city opens. In general, the mosque has a surprisingly harmonious image, which is perfectly combined with the nearby buildings of Panjshanbe Square.

Coordinates: 40.27883000,69.63037700

The full-flowing Syrdarya river is the first in length and the second in full-flowing river in Central Asia, which flows 105 kilometers in the north of Tajikistan. It is formed by the confluence of the Naryn and Karadarya rivers in the east of the Fergana Valley.

The Syrdarya River crosses Tajikistan in the north, flowing through the Osh and Sughd regions and the administrative center of the second of them - the city of Khujand. The river flows through the Fergana Valley, the Farhad Mountains and the Hungry Steppe. Its waters are replenished by the rivers Angren, Chirchik, Keles and Arys. At present, the Syrdarya river flows into the northern section of the former Aral Sea, which is now called the "Small Sea". Today the waters of the Syrdarya River are used for economic needs, in this regard, the volume of runoff at the mouth of the river has decreased more than 10 times over 50 years. The beauty and mystery of the Syrdarya River will captivate new adventurers every year.

Coordinates: 40.20929400,69.39926100

West of the Fergana Depression

The West of the Fergana Depression is one of the most picturesque places on the territory of the Khodzhekent region in Tajikistan, which stretches along the tectonic depression of the Tien Shan mountain range in the middle reaches of the Syr Darya River.

The Fergana Depression is located between the Kuramin range, the Mogoltau mountains and the Chatkal mountain range. On the territory of Tajikistan, only its western part is located, in comparison with the entire valley, it is small in area. The only exit from it is located in the Khodzhekent region of the Republic of Tajikistan - the so-called "Bekabad Gate", 20 meters wide. An interesting place in the west of the Fergana Depression is the Hungry Steppe, which got its terrifying name due to the absence of water on its territory and any conditions for life. The absolute height of the valley in the country is 250-300 meters. The West of the Fergana Depression amazes its visitors with an abundance of colors and magnificent landscapes.

Coordinates: 39.48708500,69.09130100

Republican Museum of History and Local Lore Abu Abdallah Rudaki

The Republican Museum of History and Local Lore was opened in 1958. in honor of the talented classic of Tajik-Persian literature Abu Abdallah Jafar Rudaki, therefore the building bears his name. The museum was built according to the project of the famous architect A.I. Makukha, the entrance doors for him were created by the honored art worker Barotbek Yuldoshbekov. Here is a collection of items related to archeology, history, culture, life and customs, nature of Tajikistan.

The Abu Abdallah Rudaki Museum is located in the north of the city of Penjikent, on the street of the same name. There are eight halls in the building, each of which reflects a separate page in the country's history. The first three halls deal with the history of the city of Sarazm, ancient Penjikent and the Samanid state. In the next rooms you can get acquainted with ethnography, nature, learn about the modern period of development of Tajikistan. There is also a separate room in the museum, which contains interesting information about the life of Abu Abdallah Rudaki. The museum label is presented in three languages ​​- Tajik, Russian and English.

Coordinates: 39.49518000,67.59638800

Historical and Local Lore Museum of Archeology and Fortification

The Khujand Museum of History and Local Lore, dedicated to archeology and fortification, is the heart of the city. It was opened on November 29, 1986 in honor of the 2500th anniversary of Khujand. The museum building is located in the premises of the eastern part of the old Khujand fortress of the VIII-X centuries, which was restored in 1999. Once the walls of the fortress were part of the powerful fortification system of the city.

Externally, the museum imitates the appearance of a medieval building with thick mud brick walls and high towers. Inside, in a room with an area of ​​150 square meters, there are halls of the medieval history of the city, the architectural features of the buildings in it, the history of the study of Khujand and its researchers. The most valuable finds, which take pride of place in the exposition, are ceramics from the ancient and medieval periods. It is also interesting here to look at the many maps and plans of Khujand of different eras. There are more than 1200 exhibits in the museum.

The museum is hospitably open from 8.00 to 17.00 every day, on weekends it is open from 9.00 to 16.00.

Coordinates: 40.28476400,69.63301100

History and Local Lore Museum of Istaravshan

The History and Local Lore Museum in Istaravshan became an independent museum only in 1980, before that it had functioned since 1963 as a branch of the History and Local Lore Museum of the city of Khujand. At present, there are more than 4300 exhibits on archeology and ethnography of the northern part of Tajikistan, most of them were collected in Istaravshan and its environs.

The museum is located in the building of an inactive Orthodox church, which was built in 1865-1867. The initiator of its opening was the history teacher - Nazarov Nasriddin, who collected the first collection for the museum in 1950-1960s. The exhibition covers an area of ​​about 250 square meters, it contains information about the ancient and medieval history of the city, its culture, crafts and traditional occupations of the city residents - blacksmithing, jewelry, gold embroidery, woodcarving.

On weekdays, the museum in Istravshan is open from 8.00 to 17.00, working hours on weekends: from 9.00 to 16.00. Monday is a day off. Label in Tajik and English.

Coordinates: 39.91083300,69.00638900

Madrasah and Mausoleum of Sheikh Massala

Sheikh Massala Madrasah and Mausoleum is an architectural ensemble that consists of a 19th century minaret, a mosque and ancient burial places. This memorial ensemble is located in the historical part of the city of Khujand and was erected on the grave of Sheikh Massal Muslihiddin.

Madrasah and mausoleum of Sheikh Massala is a famous monument of Tajikistan. According to legend, the sheikh was originally buried in the small village of Undzhi. However, in the XII century, his admirers decided to transfer the ashes to Khujand and erect a mausoleum. Then the mausoleum was a small burial chamber built of burnt bricks. This tomb was destroyed during the Mongol invasion. Later, in the XIV century, they decided to rebuild the mausoleum, but at the same time slightly change the layout. Now it began to look like a complex consisting of two rooms, but, alas, this building was also destroyed.

In the 16th century, a structure was erected on the ruins of an old building, which became not just a burial place, but also a room for performing ritual ceremonies and prayers. Today the mausoleum of Sheikh Massala consists of a minaret and a mosque. The modern two-storey building has a wide dome and a portal entrance. In the center there is a tomb, a memorial hall, and a wooden tombstone decorated with carvings with plant elements and inlays.

Coordinates: 40.28041000,69.63074000

The most popular attractions in Khujand with descriptions and photos for every taste. Choose the best places to visit the famous places of Khujand on our website.

Khujand- is a large city of Tajikistan and is considered the administrative center of the Sughd region of the country, located in the northern part of Tajikistan with a population of 255 thousand in 2016. Formerly called the city Leninabad.

In Russian, the city is also famous under the name "Khujand". The city is one of the oldest cities in Central Asia as well as the second largest city in the Republic of Tajikistan and an important transport hub, political, economic, cultural and scientific center of the country. Khujand agglomeration with a population of half a million people.

Khujand is one of the windiest cities in Tajikistan and the climate in relation to Dushanbe is much colder. In 2019, the enterprises of Khujand produced products worth about $ 115 million. USA where nearly 60 enterprises operate.

Video of the city of Khujand:

The geographical location and climatic conditions of Khujand are truly safe. Therefore, the Fergana Valley, where it is located, is reputed to be the pearl of Central Asia: the mountain landscape, the ever-flowing waters of the Syr Darya, clean air, green clothes, an abundance of grapes, fruits and other gifts of nature make Khujand an eternally young city - a garden.

History of Khujand:

Khujand is not only the second largest city in Tajikistan, but also one of the most ancient cities in the world, which was founded during the time of Alexander the Great. About 329 BC BC by his soldiers, a fortress was founded here, in which a significant garrison of Greek troops and a certain number of "barbarians", that is, local residents, related to them, were left. Of course, that fortress could not yet claim the title of a city.

But later, thanks to the ideally matched strategic position and favorable climate, the settlement began to grow rapidly and soon became known as "Extreme Alexandria".

For many centuries, scientists could not believe that that city and present-day Khujand are one and the same place. But after the establishment of this fact, assumptions began to be put forward that the troops were unlikely to have managed to create a city in such a short time practically from scratch: most likely, some earlier settlement that existed here long before the arrival of Alexander himself was taken as the basis.

Due to its excellent location and mild climate, Khujand in just a couple of centuries turned into a prosperous trade center, which at that time was of global importance, until it was almost completely destroyed by the troops of Tamerlane. However, it was soon rebuilt again.

Like all cities of that time, Khujand was divided into a city proper, a fortress and a suburb, where numerous artisans lived. The city restored by Timur himself quickly began to play an even more significant role in trade, since at that time the Great Silk Road was actively developing. Until the end of the 15th century, the city was part of the empire of Tamerlane.

By the end of the 19th century, the city had grown so much that it no longer differed in size from Bukhara, and even a bek, a ruler, had its own.

However, despite its size, the city was a typical representative of that time: incredibly narrow streets and adobe houses were molded so closely that passers-by could wander in this labyrinth for more than one day, and finding again the place from which they entered the city. The only way to reliably navigate it was to find out which quarter you were in.

Over the centuries, the city suffered huge losses and raids of enemies due to disagreements between Bukhara and the Kokand people, who could not divide it. However, after joining Russia, the feuds ceased.

Contacts of the most important authorities of the city of Khujand ( city ​​code 3422):

Weather forecast of Khujand city:

Photo of the city of Khujand.

Market of the city of Khujand

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Enterprises of Khujand

№	Company name	Unit of measure	Products and services	Project capacity
1.	JV "Textile-City"	Ted.	Sewing products	450
2.	JV "VT-Silk"	tons	Raw silk threads	143,8
3.	Javoni JV	tons	- yarn	2075
		pace	- cotton fabrics	4110,6
		tons	- garments	1900
4.	JSC "Nurtex"	t sq.m	- cotton fabrics - batting	190
		-		195
5.	JSC "Poyafzolduzi Khujand"	tons of steam	Genuine leather shoes for men and children	300
6.	UPK-2 for the deaf	tone.	- cotton wool - garment	720
		tons		603
7.	PTC "Nigor"	m2	- carpets	18000
8.	JSC "Parviz"	liter	Vodka	291600
9.	JV "Khujand-Pakijing"	ttb	Natural juices	5000
10.	JSC "Khujandtorgmash"	PCS.	- electric speed - electric boiler	1991
		PCS.		933
11.	JSC "Avtoremzavod"	thousand soms	Transport repair	231,1
12.	Hunar JSC	tf	Locksmith and turning works	380
13.	Regional Printing House	tl. about		3446
14.	Khujandi's printing house	tl. about		106,8
15.	JSC "Cannery"	m.u.b.	Canned fruits and vegetables	46,7
16.	JV "Nurtex-2"	tone.	- cotton yarn	115
17.	JSC "Almos"	PCS.	- resonators	36000
18.	JSC "La'l"	million pcs.	Glassware in 0.5L	89,2
19	JSC "Maishat"	tone	Flour	600
20	JV "Sadaf-Chan-Yu"	thousand soms	Furniture	390
21.	DP "Grand"	Thousand soms	Spare parts	520
22.	CJSC "SATN"	PCS.	- garments	1200000
23.	JV "Samo"	tf	Radio engineering	320
24.	Ehyo CJSC	tone.	- yarn - non-woven fabric	282
		tm2	- coarse calico cotton	127
		tm2		430
25.	Saihun LLC	tl	Vodka	264
26.	LLC "Sirandud"	thousand soms	Enamel. dishes	1000
27.	Atlasi Khujand LLC	r.m	Atlas	100000
28.	JSC "Zinnat"	somoni	Sewing products
29.	LLC "MMK"	dall.	- alcohol - drinks	50000
		dall.		180000
30.	LLC "Dusti Amirkhon"	dall.	- soft drinks - beer	204000
		dall.	- confectionery	2000
		tons.	- consumer goods	20
		somoni		500000
31.	LLC "Tekstilimpex"	kV.m	Dukhoba	162000
32.	LLC "Bread Confectionery Enterprise"	tone.	Flour	18000
33.	Criminal Procedure Code "Blind"	somoni	Consumer goods	83600
34.	JV "Tochin-L"	somoni	Plastic products	100000
35.	Komron-Agro-Holding CJSC	tone.	Milk products	2190
36.	Niku-Khujand LLC	tone.	Cotton yarn	2500

HODGENT CARD

Additional Information

City `s history goes into antiquity. Modern historical science believes that the archaic Khujand existed even during the Achaemenid dynasty, that is, before the troops of Alexander the Great came to the shores of the Syr Darya. Having captured the city, they fortified it or named it after their commander Alexandria Eskhat (Extreme)

In subsequent periods, Khujand more than once had to find itself in the center of historical events. In the 8th century. it was captured by the Arabs, in the 13th century. the city put up fierce resistance to the Mongol invaders, temporarily delaying the advance of Genghis Khan's hordes to the west.

Since ancient times, Khujand, being at the crossroads of the trade routes of the East, has been one of the most important economic, military-strategic and cultural centers of Maverannahr. The Great Silk Road passed through it, connecting ancient Greece, Rome, Asia Minor, Egypt, Iran with India, China and Japan.

Khujand was home to famous astronomers, mathematicians, doctors, historians, poets, musicians. One of them is Abdumakhmud Khujandi - the founder of the local astronomical school, an outstanding authority in world science. "Nightingale of Khujand" was called in the 14th century. Kamoli Khujandi - the author of the famous gazelles. The outstanding poet, musician and dancer Mahasti was equally popular in the Middle Ages. In the 19th century. In Khujand, cultural figures such as Toshkhoja Asiri, Sodirkhon Hafiz, Khoji Yusuf conducted active educational work.

In 1866 the city was conquered by the Russian army. The entry into the Russian Empire of Khujand - the center of a densely populated district with rich economic resources, an important road junction between the Fergana Valley, the Tashkent oasis and the Zeravshan Valley, a large trading point, opened up new opportunities for the development of the population of the city and its environs. In 1916, Khujand was the first among the cities of Central Asia to openly oppose the colonial policy of tsarism, which tried to attract Tajiks, among other peoples of the region, to participate in the First World War. In 1917 Soviet power was established in the city.

During the years of Soviet construction, the city underwent tremendous changes in all areas of economic, social and cultural life. During the Great Patriotic War (1941-45), the Khujand people, like all the sons of our Motherland, defended the Soviet land. In the ranks of the Red Army, thousands of city residents fought against the Nazis.

In the post-war period, Khujand turned into the largest industrial and cultural center of Tajikistan after Dushanbe. The city's industry has become diversified, equipped with advanced domestic and foreign technology. The pride of the people of Khujand was one of the largest enterprises of the republic, the silk factory. In 1991, dozens of enterprises in Khujand produced the same amount of industrial products per day as in all of pre-revolutionary Tajikistan per year. The industrial products of the Khujand people were known far beyond the borders of our Motherland. Only the fabrics of the silk factory were sent to 450 cities of the USSR and to foreign countries.

Since the 60s, Khujand has been actively expanding its borders. The city stepped onto the first bank of the Syr Darya, throwing two bridges across it.

During the years of Soviet power, radical transformations have taken place in the field of health care. By 1991, in Khujand, there were 40 medical and prophylactic institutions, which employed about 2.5 thousand doctors and specialists with higher and secondary medical. education.

Major changes have taken place in the field of public education. In 1991, 30 schools operated in Khujand, in which about 30 thousand students studied.

In 1932, the Pedagogical Institute was opened in Khujand, where there were only 26 students. Today, more than 10 thousand students study at 13 faculties of this university, which was transformed in 1991 into Khujand State University.

Over the post-war decades, literature and art reached a new heyday in Khujand, a whole galaxy of poets and writers, artists and composers, folk craftsmen grew up.

Khujand became more and more beautiful, acquiring the appearance of a large, industrially developed city. In 1986 it celebrated its 2500th anniversary from the time of its foundation. In this regard, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the city was awarded the Order of Friendship of Peoples.

The role and weight of ancient Khujand increased even more during the period of Tajikistan's sovereign development. It was here that the most important step was taken to end the fratricidal war and achieve national accord on Tajik land: the 16th session of the Supreme Soviet, held in Khujand in November 1992, restored the constitutional order in the republic and nominated a new leader, E.Sh. Rakhmonov. The Khujans, faithful to the traditions of their fathers, with their daily work and active participation in social and political life, make a significant contribution to strengthening the economic power and territorial integrity of the country. They are confident in the imminent revival and prosperity of their beloved Tajikistan.

The main scientific editorial office of Tajik Encyclopedias has begun preparing a number of encyclopedias about the cities of Tajikistan. At the present time the volume "Khujand" has been prepared, which contains over 2500 articles. The first version of the dictionary of the encyclopedia was prepared and discussed back in 1983. Then it was repeatedly discussed and revised, reviewed in Khujand. As a result, the encyclopedia has become capacious and compact.

It includes articles on geography, history, economics, science and culture, literature and art, topography, religious and architectural monuments, sports facilities, industrial and commercial enterprises, scientific and pedagogical institutions, libraries, old quarters of the city. A large place in the encyclopedia is occupied by pre-revolutionary history and representatives of various areas of the material and spiritual culture of the city.

In the process of preparing the vocabulary, many difficulties had to be overcome, scientific and methodological problems had to be solved. The main problem was the selection of personalities for this encyclopedia. The following principles were developed: those who were born, studied, worked or work in the city; scientists who research the city and its suburbs. In accordance with these principles, it includes articles about prominent state, party and public figures, famous scientists, writers and poets, artists and composers, Heroes of the Soviet Union and Socialist Labor, holders of honorary titles, holders of the Orders of Glory of three degrees, two military orders, received at the front, the first teachers, noble people of production, doctors and candidates of science, veterans of public education.

In addition, the encyclopedia includes party and Soviet workers, chairmen of the city executive committee and regional executive committee, who in different years have made a great contribution to the development of the city. Some of the articles were included in accordance with the letters and recommendations of the Hukumat of the region, city authorities, city Majlis of people's deputies.

The encyclopedia contains this article at the beginning, and then the materials are arranged in alphabetical order. The authors sought to unify the titles of the articles, avoiding such “uniformity” as “Maras ..”, “Street…”, etc.

The book is supplied with illustrations, photographic documents. It is intended for a wide range of readers. The publication is a kind of experiment for further work on encyclopedias of other cities of Tajikistan, and we are far from thinking that we have managed to avoid omissions and shortcomings. Any criticism from readers will be greatly appreciated.

The materials of the encyclopedia reflect the situation in 1998. The editorial board and the team of authors, realizing the need to make a number of adjustments in connection with the rapid changes of our time, at the same time did not have the opportunity to do so. In the names of institutions, organizations, honorary titles, etc. their officially valid names are kept in sync.

Nature of Khujand

General information. Khujand is the administrative center of the Leninabad region of the Republic of Tajikistan, the second city in the republic in terms of the number of inhabitants and the volume of industrial production. Located in the intermountain passage leading to the Fergana Valley, on the most important caravan trade route of antiquity. The Syrdarya river flows within the city. From the city center to the railway. Leninabad station - 11 km, to Dushanbe - 341 km. Khujand is connected by railways, air and highways. Pl. - about 0.3 thousand km., Population 258 thousand people. (2019).

Relief. The Khujand oasis occupies a wide strip on the left-bank terraces of the Syr Darya and the outflow cones of its tributaries - Khojabakyrgan, Isfana, and Oksu. From the north, the rocky mountains Mevagul (Mogoltau), separated by the bed of the Syr Darya, come close to it, from the south - the foothills of the Turkestan ridge. Located in an intermountain depression at an altitude of about 350-400 m, the oasis serves as a natural access from the vast Turanian plains to the densely populated Fergana Valley. In the west, the oasis adjoins the Hungry Steppe (Mirzachul), and in the east, by a narrow bridge between the Kairakkum reservoir and the Belesynik mountain range, it connects with the Kanibadam oasis. The flat relief, in some places diversified by low ridges and hills, is favorable for irrigated agriculture and convenient for communication routes. The right-bank part of Khujand until recently was a lifeless desert, the left-bank, the largest in area, has been inhabited since ancient times. M. Hasanov.

Geological structure. The city is located on the southwestern tip of the Middle Tien Shan, composed of Paleozoic sedimentary metamorphic strata, intrusive rocks breaking through it and over the thick cover of the Fergana depression. The right-bank part of the city is being built along the southern wing of Mevagula. The geological structure consists of rocks of the Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic periods. The Lower Paleozoic consists of a stratum of metamorphosed sandy-shale deposits of the Ordovician-Silurian, with a total thickness of about 4 thousand m. Within the Mevagul mountain, in the section of the Ordovician-Silurian deposits, there are spotted hornfelses, fine-grained quartz sandstones with shale interlayers. The total thickness of the section is about 1300 m. The Middle Paleozoic deposits are represented by the formation of carbonate strata in Mevagula. In the area of ​​the ore fault, a stratum of conglomerates and arkose sandstones has been cut off. Occurs with large Ordovician-Silurian sandy-shale deposits. The thickness of the stage is 400-450 m. Sedimentary-volcanogenic formations in most cases create difficulties in the study.

At the heart of the stratigraphic subdivision of the Upper Paleozoic, many researchers use the general scheme of N.N. Vasilkovsky, generally covering the wider region of Karamazar in northern Tajikistan. Intrusive formations are mainly represented by rocks of the Hercynian tectonomagmatic cycle. The rocks on the right bank of the Syrdarya River mainly consist of granitoids of the Kuraminsky botalite (Muzbek massif). Granitoids are multiphase intrusions. The Muzbek massif is located in the central part of Mevagul and is represented by rocks of four phases: gabbro and quartz diorites, biotites, porphyritic biotites, leucogranites and its vein-magmatic formations. The intrusive area is more than 200 sq. Km. Gabbro-diorites and quartz diorites of the Andigon stock are developed in the northeastern part of Khujand. From east to west, they are replaced by granodiorites of the second intrusive phase (area 110 km2). From the Chashma area to the Uchteppa tract, it is composed of rocks of biotite, horn-deceitful granites (an area of ​​66 km2).

The Mevagul Mountains are rich in minerals. On an area of ​​more than 350 sq. there are on average up to 50 points of mineralization zones, ore occurrences and deposits of lead-zinc, skarn, iron ore and nonmetallic types. The most typical are the tungsten deposits of Chorukh-Daron, copper-molybdenum Yangikon, skar-giellite Khanrabat and Tomchi, polymetallic, iron ore Khanrabat and Tomchi, polymetallic, iron ore, skarn-giellite, quartzfluorite, and others. , skarn rocks, gabbro and granodiorites, quartz, etc.

Quartz sand is used in the glass industry. The main minerals are quartz, fluorite, borite, calcium, as well as limonium, malachite, tungsten, bismuth, and other polymetallic ores.

The cost of the flight always depends on the travel time. The graph will allow you to compare prices for air tickets to Khujand, track the dynamics of changes in their cost and find the best offer.

Statistics will help determine the season of low prices. For example, in August, prices average 28,680 rubles, and in March, ticket prices drop on average to 18,111 rubles. Plan your trip now!

Site users make hundreds of thousands of searches on our site every day. We analyze this information and draw up schedules to make it easier for you to plan your trips.

What is more profitable - to buy tickets in advance, avoiding the general excitement, or to use a "hot" offer closer to the departure date? The chart will help you determine the best time to purchase airline tickets.

See how the price of air tickets to Khujand has changed depending on the time of purchase. Since the beginning of sales, their cost changes by an average of 32%. The minimum price for the flight to Khujand is 53 days before departure, approximately 21,230 rubles. The maximum price in the direction to Khujand is 50 days before departure, approximately 31,556 rubles. In most cases, booking early will save you money, take advantage of it!

Airfare to Khujand is not a fixed and constant amount. It depends on many factors, including the day of departure. The dynamics of changes is visible on the graph.

According to statistics, the most affordable option for flights to Khujand is on Fridays, their average cost is 23,059 rubles. The most expensive flights are on Sundays, their average cost is 25,814 rubles. It should be borne in mind that departures on pre-holiday days are usually more expensive. We hope this data will help you plan your travels in the most efficient way.

For the football club see Khujand (football club).

Town
Taj. Huҷand
40 ° 17 ′ N NS. 69 ° 37 ′ E etc.
Country
Region
Mayor	Maruf Muhammadzoda
History and geography
Founded	VII-VI centuries BC NS.
First mention	2nd half of the 7th century BC
Former names	Alexandria Eskhata, before 1936 - Khujand before 1991 - Leninabad
Square	285 km²
Height NUM	300 m
Timezone	UTC + 5
Population
Population	▲ 181,600 people (2019)
Density	4540 people / km²
Agglomeration	▲ 931,900 (Khujand agglomeration)
Nationalities	Tajiks, Uzbeks and others
Denominations	Muslims, Christians
Katoikonym	khujandi
Official language	[[Tajik language, Russian language]]
Digital identifiers
Telephone code	+992 3422
Postcode	735700
Other
Awards
khujand.tj

Arch near the park named after K. Khujandi

Fountains of Khujand

Khujand(Tajik Khuҷand, from Sogd. kwc "nth ( xučant (a)> xuǰand ‘nice side’), pers. خجند ‎, Khojand, ancient Greek. Ἀλεξάνδρεια Ἐσχάτη , Alexandria Eskhata) is a city in the north, an administrative center.

One of the oldest cities. The second largest city in Tajikistan, an important transport hub, political, economic, cultural and scientific center of the country.

There is an airport and a railway station (12 km from the center of Khujand, in the city of Gafurov).

Name

The modern Russian name of the city is , sometimes transliterated as Khujand or Khujand.

From the time of the Russian Empire until 1936, the name of the city is Taj. Huҷand, (Pers. خجند), in Russian it was customary to convey as Khujand.

On January 10, 1936, the city was officially called Leninabad(in honor of V.I.Lenin), while in the historical literature for the period up to 1936 the spelling of Khujand was preserved. Also, this spelling in official practice continued to be used in the name of the Khojent region of the Tajik SSR.

By the Decree of the Supreme Soviet of the Tajik SSR No. 246 of February 26, 1991, the city was returned to its historical name .

Population

Khujand is the second most populous city in Tajikistan after. As of January 1, 2019, it was home to 181,600 people.

According to the 1897 census, 28,431 residents of the city indicated Tajik as their native language, 900 - Uzbek (of which 305 - Sart dialect), 458 - Russian.

The population of the Khujand agglomeration is 916,200 people.

Geography

Syrdarya in Khujand

Khujand is located on the banks of the Syrdarya, below the Kairakkum reservoir, 35 km above the Uzbek one, in the Fergana Valley, between the spurs of the Turkestan ridge in the south and the Mogoltau mountains in the north.

The city is located 200 km northeast of (along the road - 300 km).

Climate

A quote from the St. Petersburg Gazette, 1868 (No. 215, 219):

«… Khujand is located on the banks of the excellent high-water Syr Darya and is surrounded on all sides by mountains, along the slopes of which luxurious gardens grow green, and all this together - water, mountains and vegetation in summer, with the local heat and droughts, gives the air favorable freshness and purity, while in winter it is moderation. ... Khujand is surrounded by magnificent gardens, which are more here than in other areas of the region. All these orchards are fruit, fruits grow here in amazing abundance and are supplied to the surrounding cities ...»

Steppe climate prevails in Khujand. There is little rainfall throughout the year. According to the Köppen climate classification, it is a dry semiarid climate of temperate latitudes with cool winters (BSk index). The average air temperature for the year in Khujand is 16 ° C.

The formation of the climate, including Khujand, is greatly influenced by the same air masses that invade the territory of Central Asia and determine the nature and change of the weather. surface.

The main role in precipitation is played by the South Caspian, Murghab and Upper Amudarya cyclones, as well as masses of cold air moving from the west, northwest and north. Reaching the frontal surface of the mountains, the incoming air masses rise along this surface, cool down and get an additional effect for the formation of clouds and precipitation. All these air masses invade the Fergana Valley from the west and southwest, but on their way they collide with the western and southwestern slopes of the mountain ranges of Northern Tajikistan and they receive more precipitation than the leeward slopes, intermountain valleys and basins. So, on the windward slopes of the Zeravshan, Turkestan and Kuramin ranges, the amount of precipitation per year is more than 400-800 mm. This is confirmed by the fact that in winter in these mountainous areas a deep snow cover is formed, which is associated with avalanches in spring. As it moves deeper into the mountainous country, these air masses reach the interior areas, which are highly depleted in moisture, as a result of which intermountain valleys and deep basins receive very little precipitation. In Khujand, the annual amount of precipitation falls: during the cold period of the year 87 mm, and the greatest amount - in March and April (25-27 mm); the smallest in the summer months (9-11 mm, Aug.).

As a rule, precipitation in the form of snow falls only at subzero temperatures. In the Khujand region, stable snow cover is absent in 20% of winter, and in 3-10% of winter it does not form at all. Here, the height of snow cover only in February reaches an average of 1-3 cm, and is absent in the rest of the year. The highest ten-day snow cover height was observed in the third ten-day period of February - 47 cm. The average date of the snow cover appearance falls on December 15, and the earliest - on October 31. The number of days with snow cover is 21.

Khujand climate
Index	Jan.	Feb	March	Apr	May	June	July	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Average maximum, ° C	3,5	6,2	13,8	21,9	28,6	34,2	35,5	32,4	28,8	20,6	12,3	5,6	20,3
Average temperature, ° C	0,6	3,0	9,2	16,8	21,9	26,8	28,6	26,4	21,5	14,6	7,6	2,5	15,0
Average minimum, ° C	−3,2	−1,8	4,2	10,7	15,6	19,6	21,2	18,8	13,6	8,1	3,4	−0,5	9,1
Precipitation rate, mm	15	15	25	27	20	9	4	1	3	15	16	17	167
Source: World Meteorological Organization,

History

In ancient times

The Achaemenid Empire in its heyday

Hike of Alexander the Great to Asia

Khujand is one of the oldest cities in Central Asia: according to some sources, the city was founded in the 7th-6th centuries BC. It was conquered by Alexander the Great, who rebuilt and fortified it, calling Alexandria Eskhata ( extreme).

Being on the Great Silk Road and connecting Samarkand with the Fergana Valley, Khujand had an advantageous geopolitical location and paramount transport importance.

Subsequently, it was conquered by the Arabs (VIII century), and in 1219-1220 it fiercely resisted the troops of Genghis Khan, but was destroyed.

However, the city soon revived and became one of the largest trade, cultural and scientific centers of the Central Asian region. And even today, Khujand is an important industrial, scientific and cultural center of northern Tajikistan.

Since ancient times, Khujand, being at the crossroads of trade routes of the East, on the Great Silk Road, was one of the most important economic, military-strategic and cultural centers of Fararud.

Khujand was home to famous astronomers, mathematicians, doctors, historians, poets, musicians. One of them is the founder of the local astronomical school Abumahmud Khujandi.

Kamol Khujandi, the author of the famous gazelles, was called "The Nightingale of Khujand" in the XIV century. The outstanding poet, musician and dancer Mahasti was equally popular in the Middle Ages.

According to legend, it was in Khujand that the house of Khoja Nasreddin stood. In the 19th century in Khujand, such cultural figures as Toshkhoja Asiri, Sodirkhon Hafiz, Khoji Yusuf conducted an active educational work.

In the Russian Empire

On May 24, 1866, the city was occupied by the Russian army and became part of the Russian Empire (see Central Asian possessions of the Russian Empire). The entry into the empire of the center of the densely populated district with rich economic resources, the most important road junction between the Fergana Valley, the Tashkent oasis and the Zeravshan Valley, a major trading point, opened up new opportunities for the development of Khujand.

The city was the administrative center of the Khojent district of the Samarkand region.

In July 1916, a Central Asian uprising began in the city.

IN USSR

Streets of Khujand

At the beginning of 1918, Soviet power was established in the city, until 1929 the city was part of the Uzbek SSR. On October 2, 1929, it was included in the Tajik SSR, and on January 10, 1936, the city was renamed Leninabad(in honor of V.I.Lenin). In 1941, the Tajik Agricultural Institute was located in Leninabad, which was the university of the USSR People's Commissariat of Agriculture and had a postal address: the city of Leninabad, Krasnaya Street, house No. 25.

In the post-war period, Leninabad turned into the largest industrial and cultural center of Tajikistan after Dushanbe. The city's industry became diversified, equipped with advanced domestic and foreign technology, a silk-processing plant operated in the city - one of the largest enterprises in the republic. In 1991, dozens of enterprises in the city produced the same amount of industrial products per day as in all of pre-revolutionary Tajikistan per year. The fabrics of the silk factory were sent to 450 cities of the USSR and to foreign countries.

Arbob Palace of Culture

Since the 1960s, Leninabad has been actively expanding its borders. The city stepped onto the right bank of the Syr Darya, throwing two bridges across it.

In 1970, a trolleybus service was launched in Leninabad.

During the years of Soviet power, radical transformations have taken place in the field of health care. By 1991, there were 40 medical and preventive institutions in the city, in which about 2.5 thousand doctors and specialists with higher and secondary medical care worked. education.

Major changes have taken place in the field of public education. In 1991, there were 30 schools in the city, in which about 30 thousand students studied.

In 1986, the city celebrated its anniversary - the 2500th anniversary of its foundation. In connection with this, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the city of Leninabad was awarded the Order of Friendship of Peoples.

Modern Tajikistan

The 16th session of the Supreme Soviet, held in the Arbob palace 10 km from Khujand in November 1992, restored the constitutional order in the republic and elected E. Sh. Rakhmonov as the chairman of the Supreme Soviet.

Culture and education

Theater, local history and archaeological museums, a park in honor of the poet Kamoli Khujandi, which includes a mausoleum and a house-museum of the poet.

In 1932, the Pedagogical Institute was opened, where only 26 people studied. Today, more than 10 thousand students study at 16 faculties of this university, which was transformed into Khujand State University in 1991. In 2010, as a result of the merger of the Polytechnic Institute. Academician M.S.Osimi and the Khujand branch of the Technological University of Tajikistan, the Khujand Polytechnic Institute of the Tajik Technical University named after Academician M.S.Osimi.

The city has a regional library. T. Asiri.

Chairmen of the Hukumat

• Ahmadzoda, Rajabboy - Apr 1. 2016 g.
• Sharifzoda, Sharif Faiz April 1, 2016 - 03/31/2017
• Muhammadzoda, Maruf from 31.03.2017

sights

Mosque-mausoleum of Sheikh Muslihiddin (XVII-XVIII centuries)

Main article: Attractions of Khujand

The medieval citadel, the mosque-mausoleum of Sheikh Muslikhiddin (17th-18th centuries), the Orthodox Church of Mary Magdalene is the oldest Orthodox church in Tajikistan, built in 1884 at the expense of the Moscow merchant Khludov. Monument to the native of the city, the poet Kamol Khujandi.

Museum-fortress of the military leader Temurmalik, who fiercely resisted the troops of Genghis Khan.

Famous people

• Abu Mahmud al Khujandi (940-1000) - Tajik mathematician and astronomer, a native of Khujand, lived and worked in the city of Rey.
• Mehesti Ganjavi (Khujandi) (1098, Khujand - 1160,) - Tajik poetess of the XII century, lived and worked in the city.
• Kamol Khujandi (1321-1401) - Persian-Tajik poet
• Muhammadaminhoja Koshif (1825-1887) - Tajik poet,
• Toshkhuja Asiri (1864-1916) - Tajik poet,
• Abdulla Fayyaz (1847-1934) - Tajik poet,
• Haji Yusuf Mirfaezov (1842-1925) - Tajik scientist.

Twin cities

Notes (edit)

1. Footnote error: Invalid tag ; no text specified for footnotes population_2019
2. Agency on Statistics under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan. Population of Tajikistan as of January 1, 2019 (Russian) (unavailable link)(01.01.2019). Date of treatment July 3, 2019. Archived July 2, 2015.
3. Tajikistan // World Atlas / comp. and prepare. to ed. PKO "Cartography" in 2009; ch. ed. G.V. Pozdnyak. - M.: PKO "Cartography": Onyx, 2010. - P. 116. - ISBN 978-5-85120-295-7 (Cartography). - ISBN 978-5-488-02609-4 (Onyx).
4. Lurie P. B. Historical and linguistic analysis of Sogdian toponymy // Diss. for a job. uch. Art. Cand. Phil. sciences. - SPb. , 2004 .-- S. 40, 151.
5. Khujand // Dictionary of geographical names of the USSR / GUGK, TsNIIGAiK. - 2nd ed., Rev. and add. - M.: Nedra, 1983 .-- S. 141.
6. Sovetabad // Great Soviet Encyclopedia: [in 30 volumes] / Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov. - 3rd ed. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
7. Population of the Republic of Tajikistan as of January 1, 2018. Agency on Statistics under the President of the Republic of Tajikistan, 2018
8. Demoscope Weekly - Application. Handbook of Statistical Indicators
9. Leonid Soloviev. The enchanted prince. - M.: Terevinf, 2015 .-- 304 p. - (Ruslite. Literary monuments of the XX century). - ISBN 978-5-4212-0181-6.
10. Eastern flavor of Dushanbe :: With you on the flight
11. Head of Khujand outlaws Iranian and Afghan clothing
12. Emomali Rahmon appoints new mayors of Khujand and Istaravshan
13. Archived copy (unspecified) (unavailable link)... Retrieved September 7, 2017. Archived September 7, 2017.

Links

• Official site of the city
• Khujand city portal
• Coat of arms of the city of Khujand, 1910
• TSB: Leninabad
• Khujand // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.

Name

The modern Russian name of the city is Khujand, sometimes transliterated as Khujand, Khujand.

By the Decree of the Supreme Soviet of the Tajik SSR No. 246 of February 26, 1991, the city was returned to its historical name.

Transport

The city is served only by numerous shuttle taxis. Bus and trolleybus routes were abolished (in 1994 there were 11 trolleybus routes).

Population

Khujand is the second most populous city in Tajikistan after Dushanbe.

Geography and climate

Khujand is located on the banks of the Syr Darya, below the Kairakkum reservoir, 35 above the Uzbek Bekabad. It is part of the Fergana Valley, between the spurs of the Turkestan ridge in the south and the Mogoltau mountains in the north.

The city is located 200 km north-east of Dushanbe (341 km along the road).

Climate

A quote from St. Petersburg Gazette, 1868 (No. 215, 219):

«… Khujand is located on the banks of the excellent high-water Syr Darya and is surrounded on all sides by mountains, along the slopes of which luxurious gardens grow green, and all this together - water, mountains and vegetation in summer, with the local heat and droughts, gives the air favorable freshness and purity, while in winter it is moderation. ... Khujand is surrounded by magnificent gardens, which are more here than in other areas of the region. All these orchards are fruit, fruits grow here in amazing abundance and are supplied to the surrounding towns ...»

Khujand was home to famous astronomers, mathematicians, doctors, historians, poets, musicians. One of them is Abumahmud Khujandi, the founder of the local astronomical school. Kamol Khujandi, the author of the famous gazelles, was called the "Nightingale of Khujand" in the XIV century. The outstanding poet, musician and dancer Mahasti was equally popular in the Middle Ages. In the 19th century in Khujand, such cultural figures as Toshkhoja Asiri, Sodirkhon Hafiz, Khoji Yusuf conducted an active educational work.

In the Russian Empire

IN USSR

In the post-war period, Leninabad turned into the largest industrial and cultural center of Tajikistan after Dushanbe. The city's industry became diversified, equipped with advanced domestic and foreign technology, a silk-processing plant operated in the city - one of the largest enterprises in the republic. In 1991, dozens of enterprises in Khujand produced the same amount of industrial products per day as in all pre-revolutionary Tajikistan per year. The fabrics of the silk factory were sent to 450 cities of the USSR and to foreign countries.

Since the 60s, Leninabad has been actively expanding its borders. The city stepped onto the right bank of the Syr Darya, throwing two bridges across it.

In 1970, a trolleybus service was launched in Leninabad.

During the years of Soviet power, radical transformations have taken place in the field of health care. By 1991, there were 40 medical and preventive institutions in Khujand, in which about 2.5 thousand doctors and specialists with higher and secondary medical care worked. education.

Major changes have taken place in the field of public education. In 1991, 30 schools operated in Khujand, in which about 30 thousand students studied.

Modern Tajikistan

The 16th session of the Supreme Soviet, which took place in the village of Arbob, 10 km from Khujand in November 1992, restored the constitutional order in the republic and elected E. Sh. Rakhmonov as the chairman of the Supreme Soviet.

Culture, education

Theatre. Historical, local history, archaeological museums.

In 1932, the Pedagogical Institute was opened, where only 26 people studied. Today, 16 faculties of this university, transformed into